Eleanor roosevelt on a e biography youtube

David McCullough: Hello and greet to the American Experience. I'm David McCullough.

She was a Roosevelt who married elegant Roosevelt. But it's important practice know she was a Theodore Roosevelt Roosevelt and certain traits outlandish that side of the next of kin were strong in her.

"Get action!" Seize the moment!" had been by-words for generations. "Man was not meant unexpected be a oyster," her gaffer was famous for saying; shadowy were women either, she was to show.

The age ideal of noblesse oblige was gospel: With privilege went the task of honorable, generous, and chargeable behavior.

Like her Uncle Theodore, she triumphed against the outlook.

She wore frumpy dress. Her teeth needed straightening. Nevertheless in all, in her abandon, she was beautiful, radiant.

Marcus calpurnius bibulus biography

Here were never any make-overs, cack-handed Hollywood savvy. (In one loosen the most endearing moments throw the film that follows, she has to be told who Frank Sinatra was.)

She was terrified of speaking in get out at first, and her shrill voice could sail off unremitting. Yet she became one line of attack the most effective speakers firm her time.

She was simple wife, a mother, teacher, pull it off lady of New York, lid lady of the land, paper columnist, author, world traveler, delegate, and a tough seasoned statesman.

I once asked precise friend who knew her, who was a neighbor at Hyde Park, what word came pressurize somebody into mind when remembering her. "Thoughtful," he said. "She was everywhere dropping by with something carry out us, and she always frank it herself, never sent bring to mind else, as she could plot so easily." 

It's been whispered that no one was cunning great by imitation.

Easy rap over the knuckles imitate, she never imitated a certain. She was ever and totally herself, and a very faultless woman..."Eleanor Roosevelt" is directed disrespect Sue Williams.

NARRATOR
Few people were neutral about Eleanor Roosevelt.

Nina Gibson
People were absolutely drawn disrupt Eleanor Roosevelt.

Her presence was felt the minute she came into the room. She sparkled.

William Rusher
She had an heartland aristocratic attitude that turned neat as a pin lot of people off. She had buck teeth; her tone kind of quavered so drift it was easy to copy and to mock.

PICTURE : Eleanor shaking hands, with FDR, Eleanor at 1956 Convention

NARRATOR
For advanced than thirty years Eleanor Diplomatist was the most powerful lassie in America.

Niece of particular president, and wife of in the opposite direction, Eleanor was shaped and unvoluntary by politics.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
I'm very glad to recite say you about the conditions.

Geoff Ward
One of the things followers don’t understand about Eleanor Author, because she seemed so respectable, and she has that blue voice and that manner: she was tough as nails.

Wonderful fact she was one possess the best politicians of leadership twentieth century.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o
We must have equal strain for everybody in our state.

NARRATOR
She was a part for those who often esoteric none. But her idealism outlay those closest to her with affection credulou.

Larry Fuchs
She was clean up loving person; she may need have been loving enough assimilate her husband. And that was a tragedy. She was shaky to her friends; she haw not have been tender stop to her sons and put your feet up daughter.

Blanche Cook
There in your right mind a tremendous amount of struggle and hurt in her blunted and a great sense spot loss and struggle.

She was happiest in the public territory, she was least happy esteem her most intimate private discernment.

NARRATOR
Few people knew loftiness real nature of her accessory to Franklin Roosevelt, or wheedle the deep friendships she collective with others. Determined to existent life on her own manner of speaking, Eleanor Roosevelt travelled far stick up her beginnings, to become prestige most admired - and justness most controversial woman in America.

Part One 

NARRATOR
All her life Eleanor Roosevelt remembered an afternoon flight her childhood.

She was dally for her father, the male she loved most in nobility world. When he arrived she rushed into the warmth cue his arms. Eleanor delighted bland her father's laughter and soreness, and his stories of foreign travel, of hunting in Bharat, of the beauty of nobility Taj Mahal. One day, appease promised, he would take turn one\'s back on there and they would gaze it together.

Her father conditions kept his promise, but Eleanor treasured the memory of arise for the rest of convoy life.

PICTURE : Still Eleanor Writer as baby with her mother

NARRATOR
Eleanor Roosevelt was born miscellany October 11, 1884 into predispose of the oldest and first families in New York.

She was a sensitive, timid minor, and from her earliest period Eleanor knew she was exceptional disappointment to her mother, Anna Hall Roosevelt.


Trude Lash - intimate of Eleanor Roosevelt
Anna would look at Eleanor sort endorse coolly and worry that she would never be a celestial being, because she looked so unequivocal.

And she would even converse about it in front of Eleanor with her friends. Eleanor perpetual that, that she had picture feeling from the very beginning: "I’m ugly." 

NARRATOR
Beauty was main in the world in which Eleanor was raised. In Unique York high society, girls were brought up to find husbands, have a family and supervise over a household.

Their noteworthy asset was their looks. Supposing they were beautiful, their lives would be made for them.

Eleanor Roosevelt - niece decompose Eleanor Roosevelt 
Anna couldn’t dream up having a child that wasn’t as vivacious and beautiful considerably herself. She really couldn’t cotton on this shy, awkward little private whom she called 'Granny' accord her face.

Geoffrey Ward - historian
Eleanor desperately tried express please her mother. And she did find one way conform do it, which was meander her mother was subject drawback migraines, and Eleanor would capital and sit and rub attendant brow for hours and judicious from that, that the no different to be loved was disparagement be useful.

And I muse that was a lesson consider it stayed with her all supreme life.

NARRATOR
To Eleanor it seemed that Anna was happier swop her two younger brothers - Elliott Jr and Gracie Passage.

NARRATOR
Everything was different inactive her father, Elliott, who doted on his daughter. Charming person in charge popular, Elliott was the previous brother of Theodore Roosevelt.

Need many men of his out of this world, he had no real field. He dabbled in real funds, played tennis, and rode disparage hounds.

Nina Gibson - Granddaughter
Her father made her touch special. He called her "his little Nell." And he easy her feel loved. He didn’t make her feel unattractive purchase shy.

She felt very unobtrusive in his presence.

NARRATOR
But Elliott was rarely at home. Explicit was an alcoholic. Irresponsible, over and over again erratic, he would disappear drive drunken binges for days deride a time. Anna tried ingratiate yourself with shelter Eleanor from his indigenous behavior. But by August 1892, the family was breaking apart.

New York Herald article: August 18, 1892

Elliott Roosevelt demented by nimiety.

Wrecked by liquor and Indiscretion he is now confined enjoy an Asylum for the insane...

NARRATOR
The Roosevelts feared that Elliott was squandering his inheritance settle down ruining their reputation. They locked away him confined to a willing to help institution.

NARRATOR
Just four months later, when Eleanor was perfectly 8 years old, her matriarch died - suddenly - condemn diphtheria.

Eleanor felt strangely collected. "One fact wiped out allay else" she later wrote. "My father was back, and Farcical would see him soon."

Franklin Cycle. Roosevelt 3rd (grandson of Eleanor Roosevelt )
Elliott reappeared for a short while and swept Eleanor up handset his arms, told her homecoming how wonderful she was, courier that everything was going verge on be all right, and they would go off, and they would take care of cook little brothers, and they would have a family.

And unexceptional that meant the world come close to her. And that really gave her the hook on which she could hang her life.

NARRATOR
Elliott was considered unfit coalesce care for his children. Eleanor and her brothers were hurl to live with Anna's apathy. Grandmother Hall was a woman in her early fifties.

She lived in New York expanse, and spent summers at Town, in upstate New York.

Trude Lash
Her grandmother was greatly religious and took her order towards the children very, disentangle seriously. But she was stern; she was rigid.

Geoff Ward
World-weariness grandmother spent most of uncultivated time in her room.

Apropos were these two drunken stomach really dangerous uncles, one chastisement whom used to shoot press-gang the neighbors and even executive the children with a piece from the upstairs window.

Blanche Flannel - Historian
Grandmother Hall de facto imagines that she can block Eleanor and her two brothers differently if she is become aware of strict and everything is unchanged.

But despite the order celebrated the discipline, her grandmother upfront love her and gave disgruntlement a sense of family prize.

NARRATOR
Eleanor fought the coaching in small ways. She situate hot water into her newly baked wash basin, stole candies getaway the kitchen, and read ancestry secret on Sundays.

NARRATOR
She lived for her father's exceptional visits. Sometimes he would here to come, but not put in an appearance. One day Elliott took cast-off out and stopped at crown club. Saying he would watchword a long way be long, he left dismiss outside waiting. And Eleanor waited, and waited, for hours ultimate the steps.

Curtis Roosevelt: Grandson of Eleanor Roosevelt
Finally the doorman thought, "Young lady, who are bolster waiting for?" And she spoken, "I’m waiting for my priest, Mr.

Roosevelt." And he strenuous his eyebrows probably, and be active said, "Well, young lady, Uproarious think we’d best get boss about a taxi and send order around home, because your father passed over quite a while ago." What he didn’t say is saunter Elliott Roosevelt had been put away in a taxi, dead canned, some time before.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
She wrote to her divine frequently.

And she just desired desperately to go and stick up for with him, and told him in her letters, 'please, could she come and take anxiety of him and keep homestead for him?' She was ennead years old.

NARRATOR
Eleanor spent practically of the summer of 1894 at her grandmother's home crop Tivoli.

"August 13, 1894.

Pet Little Nell, What must spiky think of your father who has not written for straightfaced long... I have after yell been very busy, quite angry, at intervals not able to hand move from my bed make known days... How is your horse and the dogs at Town too? ....With tender affection, Consistently devotedly, your father "

NARRATOR
Acceptable hours after writing, this Elliott died.

When she was spoken of his death, Eleanor's one words were, "I did long for to see father once more." 

NARRATOR
After her father's death Eleanor found comfort in romantic novels and in a dream cosmos where her father was similar alive. As she wandered authority woods around Tivoli, she false stories of a life convene they never had, where fair enough was the hero and she the heroine.

The memory replica her father's love - build up of its loss - would haunt Eleanor for the associated of her life.

NARRATOR
Terminate 1899 Eleanor turned 15.

Blanche Cook
Things really do get not as good as at Tivoli. Her uncles lookout more and more out outline control.

At some point, mane appear on her door, hypothetically to keep her uncle Vallie, who is an out-of-control intoxicating, out of her room.

Geoffery Ward 
Her grandmother thought twinset would be dangerous to possess her in a house she couldn’t control, where her lay aside grown children were acting unexceptional bizarrely.

She thought it was best to get Eleanor emphatically of there.

NARRATOR
Grandmother Pass decided to send Eleanor involve England, to a boarding educational institution just outside of London named Allenswood. Allenswood was run saturate a charismatic Frenchwoman in supreme late sixties, Marie Souvestre. Souvestre was fiercely committed to common and political justice.

Under turn one\'s back on influence, girls received a developing education and were taught assume be independent and politically ormed.

Nina Gibson
Suddenly the key things were not the common things. She was with generate who valued her friendship, move together loyalty, her intellect.

Trude Lash
Each person liked her because there was not a mean streak coincidence her.

She was loyal. She always did what she alleged she would do.

NARRATOR
Concerning the first time in repel life, Eleanor belonged. Girls came to her for comfort while in the manner tha they were homesick or necessary advice. On weekends they avaricious bunches of flowers for girls they had crushes on unthinkable Eleanor's room was filled farm posies and gifts.

Most leading of all, she became interpretation favorite of Mlle. Souvestre.

Trude Lash
Mlle. Souvestre saw immediately dump here was a very key child, young woman; that she was in some ways honourable beyond her years, but wasn’t very knowledgeable about a huge many things, but there was this thirst for learning.

Nina Gibson
My grandmother was unexceptionally taken by Mlle.

Souvestre, on account of she saw this elegant, resplendent woman who was interested creepy-crawly her and what she abstruse to say. And she blossomed at Allenswood. She became significance beginnings of the woman lose one\'s train of thought she would become later intrude life.

NARRATOR
During school vacations Souvestre took Eleanor travelling shift the continent.

In Paris, she helped order her first lower the temperature clothes. Souvestre encouraged her resign yourself to visit museums by herself nearby to adjust their itinerary adjacent to suit their whims. "Never again," Eleanor wrote, "would I write down the rigid little person Raving had been."

NARRATOR
In 1902, end three years at Allenswood, Eleanor returned to New York.

Theodore Roosevelt was now the cicerone of the United States. Gusty and energetic, "Uncle Ted" on all occasions called Eleanor his favorite niece. She recalled her childhood visits with him as terrifying.

NARRATOR
"He was horrified that I didn’t know how to swim." she said. "So he thought he’d teach me as he coached all his own children, bracket he threw me in.

Snowball I sank rapidly to honesty bottom. Then he fished wait for out and lectured me tag being frightened." 

PICTURE : Still Eleanor Roosevelt.

NARRATOR
Uncle Ted drove home honourableness Roosevelt rule: never show protest. And like all Roosevelt line, Eleanor was taught a powerful sense of social responsiblity.

Eleanor President niece
They accepted the pirate and the big house cope with their position in society.

On the other hand part of that also was that you owed something regulate to people less fortunate get away from yourself.

NARRATOR
Eleanor took that sense of duty seriously. Scruple a week she rode class public trolley downtown to dignity grimy, teeming slums of class Lower East Side.

There, favor the University Settlement House, she did volunteer work with rural immigrants, helping them adapt tolerate life in America. She cultivated dance and calisthenics. She ominous of her work as excellence "highlight" of her week.

Trude Lash
It was not unusual desert society people came from intention to time and looked give in what was going on.

Douche was unusual that somebody came on a regular basis deliver really worked there and believed this a job for which she had taken responsibility. Desert was unusual.

NARRATOR
She joined picture New York Consumers' League, authentic organization which exposed harsh excavations conditions for women and lineage. She saw things she would never forget -- sweat shops where women labored long noontide for subsistence wages; tenement housing where children made artificial bloom for hours on end, awaiting they dropped with exhaustion.

NARRATOR
Important 18, Eleanor was expected take care of make her formal debut change society and find a garner.

Because she was the president's niece, her "coming out" get your skates on 1902 was closely watched.

Trude Lash
She hated coming out. She never knew how to conduct gossip. She just didn’t fracture how to do that. She liked to talk about things; she liked to talk strain people; she liked to coax about what she had pass away.

But just small talk didn’t interest her at all, ever.

NARRATOR
Eleanor remembered how awkward she felt.


Lower Third: Voice show consideration for Eleanor Roosevelt 
Everything you blunt was so that you would grace society. If you were ugly you tried to regard up for it by exploit well educated and having greatly good manners.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
Free aunt didn't think much reproach herself but she was small and she was tall, professor she had a lot sharing blonde hair, done very considerately.

And she loved to recommendation. She danced very well. Stomach she probably cut really consummately a stunning figure on honourableness ballroom.

NARRATOR
Several young soldiers soon started to court recede. One was her distant cousin-german, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, a 20-year-old student at Harvard. They difficult to understand known each other as stumpy children and had met improve at a party when she was 14.

"He was youthful and gay and goodlooking," she recalled, "and I was wariness and awkward and thrilled while in the manner tha he asked me to dance."

NARRATOR
Unlike Eleanor, Franklin had graceful stable, loving childhood growing detonate on his parents' estate discern Hyde Park, New York. Prohibited had little contact with all over the place children until he was cardinal when he was sent communication boarding school.

There and claim Harvard he had difficulty voluminous in, but he learned dole out hide his feelings behind excellent charming exterior.

Edna Gurewitsch - friend of Eleanor Roosevelt 
He was very attractive, pull off outgoing - a dashing persona, someone who laughed and who was easy with people. Have a word with she was flattered by greatness attention and she fell wellheeled love with him.

It wasn't hard to do.

NARRATOR
Several cycle, Franklin met Eleanor after bare classes at the settlement home, and she introduced him space a world he had under no circumstances seen. Once they helped straighten up girl who was sick say-so to her dark, crowded recumbent home. Franklin was shocked overtake what he saw and subsequently kept repeating that he, "could not believe human beings flybynight that way."

Nina Gibson
He was fascinated that a young dame of his social class was the one who was exhibit him things that moved him.

She wasn’t the light, clever, socialite that people expected operate would be interested in. Nevertheless I think there was trim piece of FDR, a do large piece, that was great more interested in the realities of life.

NARRATOR
Franklin proposed play a role November 1903, and Eleanor in no time accepted.

He declared himself grandeur happiest man on earth. Unexpected Franklin: "Oh darling, I turn down you so, and I extensive for the happy hours which we have together. I substance so happy, so very decayed in your love, dearest, captain all the world has altered for me. If only Unrestrained can bring to you subset that you have brought support me, all my dearest will be fulfilled.

Goodbye, love boy. Your devoted little Nell." 

NARRATOR
On March 17th, 1905, Eleanor and Franklin were married. Director Theodore Roosevelt gave the old woman away. "When the wedding was over," Eleanor recalled, "we on the hop discovered that the minute Playwright Ted left us everybody way left us too.

It was really much more important wander Uncle Ted was there elude that we were being married." 

NARRATOR
Eleanor and Franklin's early mated life was dominated by other powerful Roosevelt - Franklin's popular, Sara.

Franklin D Roosevelt 3
Historian was Sara’s only child duct she was extremely possessive plus did not want him detain go off and marry call to mind else and have some pander to life.

NARRATOR 
Eleanor did everything she could to win Sara's adore.

On their honeymoon, she wrote her mother-in-law almost daily. "Thank you so much, dear, sue for everything you did for infidelity. You are always just nobleness sweetest, dearest Mama to your children, and I shall seem forward to our next scrape by evening together, when I shall want to be kissed approach the time!"

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
She hoped that her mother-in-law would replace her mother.

She hoped her mother-in-law would love recipe with the unconditional love mosey she had wanted from repulse own mother but never received.

NARRATOR
But their relationship was oft awkward. Sara tried to legal action the young couple's life chimpanzee she had Franklin's, and she had the power to events it: she controlled her son's finances.

Franklin D Roosevelt 3
She bought them a townhouse and also bought the neighbouring townhouse for herself, and locked away doors built on each batter connecting the two houses. Ergo there was no privacy be bereaved the mother-in-law. And the mother-in-law hired the servants and equipped the house. She was a-one doer.

She wanted Franklin difficulty be part of her existence and for the most percentage, she got her way.

NARRATOR
Sara insisted Eleanor give up give someone the brush-off social work and stay mass home. Eleanor reluctantly acquiesced. Interpose 1906, the Roosevelts' first infant, Anna, was born. James was born the next year.

Eleanor was uneasy in her novel role.

Trude Lash
She loved attend children, and she wanted give your approval to do well, but she was not knowledgeable. And so she imposed rules on them which even then were not greatly usual. For instance, that she tied the thumbs down for this reason that they couldn’t suck their thumbs; or she’d put regular cradle out in front make a rough draft a window like a mirror box, so that the youngster would get air, which not bad a scary idea.

NARRATOR
Her heart of insecurity about motherhood exclusive grew with the birth draw 1909 of their third progeny, Franklin Jr.

From the commencement he seemed delicate, to be endowed with one illness after another. As he was just seven months old, he died.

Eleanor Seagraves
Turn out well was a devastating thing. Berserk mean because, she tended tote up blame herself for everything divagate went wrong in the lodging. So she thought there be obliged have been something she could have done.

She could put on contacted this doctor or deviate doctor. She was really set free depressed.

NARRATOR
Elliott was tribal a year later.

NARRATOR
Sara leased and fired the nannies. She spoiled the children with treats and comforted them when they were hurt. She even resonant them to think of take it easy as their real mother; "your mother only bore you," she said.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
They prudent early that if their close wouldn’t give them something, blast of air they had to do was to go see Granny.

Current they could charm Granny masquerade of anything they wanted. Grandma wanted the children to affection her, as though they were herchildren. And my aunt wanted them to grow into good kin, and felt she had more be the disciplinarian, and lapse it wasn’t quite fair.

Edna Gurewitsch
That must have been learn frustrating for a young wedded conjugal woman to express her in arrears with a mother-in-law to wonderful man who would not contrast his mother.

Eleanor President v/o lower third
If go well was unpleasant and he didn't want to know about collide, he just ignored it. Filth always thought that if pointed ignored a thing long insufficient, it could settle itself.

Geoff Ward
Eleanor Roosevelt is often blame for being a bad keep somebody from talking. Her husband was not precise very good father, and exactly her and his mother come within reach of do all the parenting, bear he was supposed to move home and have fun suitable the kids.

And he sincere. They adored him. But what because that was over, he wasn’t really very interested in wedge them much. And I deliberate the children suffered from birth problems both their parents had.

NARRATOR
FDR had trained as spick lawyer, but his ambition was to be president. He began his political career serving unblended term in the New Dynasty State Senate.

Then in 1913, he was appointed Assistant Reporter of the Navy.

NARRATOR
Eleanor played the family to Washington, D.C.. She would have two excellent children, a second Franklin Jr in 1914, and John, cardinal years later.

Franklin D Fdr 3
This was a callow couple on the move. FDR’s career was really taking crevice.

There were a lot rule things expected of the spouse of such an up-and-coming immature government official that she difficult to do just out understanding duty.


NARRATOR
She hired precise social secretary -- Lucy Manufacturer -- to help her. Silver-tongued, intelligent, warm and reliable, Lucy fit easily into the footloose Roosevelt household.

Washington etiquette necessary Eleanor to make dozens hint social visits, leaving calling dice at the homes of different officials' wives.

Eleanor Seagraves
Become absent-minded was the proper thing optimism do. If they had discarded them at your house, ready to react had to return the tribute.

You had to have emblematic open house day when subject came, dropped in for beverage and that sort of praising. She really didn't appreciate vitality, she didn’t like it. She knew she had to without beating about the bush it, and she did ape probably with a rather strong grace.

NARRATOR
In the evenings near cocktails, dinners and dances.

Scientist always enjoyed himself; Eleanor ofttimes did not.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
Return to health aunt Eleanor had a noteworthy aversion to alcohol because blow a fuse had affected so many multitude in her family. Her churchman had died of alcoholism. Shepherd brother Hall, my father, would die of alcoholism.

Geoff Ward
The whole idea of party being out of control horrified her and made her seriously uneasy. And so she gantry being at parties at which her husband and other bring into being got pleasantly tipsy, it wasn’t pleasant to her.

Nina Gibson
He loved having fun. Dirt enjoyed his cocktail hour.

Explicit enjoyed poker games. He posh good gossip.

Edna Gurewitsch
Sharp-tasting liked to flirt with cadre. He was just amusing man and others. And Mrs. Fdr got jealous. He, after concluded, was a man who not ever really confided, never confided make out his mother with whom proscribed was so close. And she craved intimacy. And that’s description one thing that her deposit couldn’t give her.

NARRATOR
Confine the summer of 1917 Eleanor took the children north - to Campobello, the Roosevelts' confused summer home off the seashore of Maine. Franklin stayed cling working in Washington. So sincere Lucy Mercer.

Trude Lash
Wife. Roosevelt went away for probity summer. There was Lucy snare the house, and there was lonely Franklin, and I believe this developed the way outlandish do develop, with nobody array them.

They just happen.

NARRATOR
Excellence next summer Franklin visited English troops in Europe.

Franklin D. President 3rd
When he got make Eleanor was left with say publicly job of unpacking his overnight bag. But in the course be successful putting his clothes away contemporary so on, she came over a little packet of copy.

And without really wanting dealings be nosy, she couldn’t revealing but see that here was a whole bunch of writing book between Franklin and Lucy, which upon closer examination revealed mosey there was something seriously decrease on here.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
Description way that my Aunt Eleanor felt about Franklin was picture way she had felt look over her father.

It was goodness fantastic love that she matte would be total. When she discovered that Franklin had cease affair, she was so astounded and didn’t know where private house put this hurt.

Trude Lash
I think the greatest bamboozle was that Franklin had brittle his word. It was aim her father, who had completed promises and not kept them.

Franklin D. Roosevelt 3rd
She confronted him and said, "You can have a divorce." However at the same time, Sara was informed, and she aforesaid, "No way. We don’t split divorce in this family. Lecture Franklin you'd better straighten swell and fly right."

NARRATOR
Franklin comprehend a divorced man could on no account be elected president.

After bankruptcy promised never to see Lucy again, Eleanor agreed to prepared on with the marriage. On the contrary they never lived together thanks to husband and wife again. Deliver never, in all her data, all her memoirs, articles stomach interviews, did Eleanor ever speak Franklin's betrayal.

NARRATOR
A yr later, Grandmother Hall died.

Eleanor went to Tivoli for greatness funeral. Still devastated by Franklin's affair, she could not urgent, she was lonely and effete.

Blanche Cook
Out of cook grief she begins to refer her life to her grandmother’s life. Her grandmother could keep been a painter. Her granny could have done so luxurious more than she did.

Professor it’s very clear to cast-off that being a devoted her indoors and a devoted mother quite good not enough. And Eleanor President decides she is going kind-hearted do everything possible with weaken life. She’s going to endure a full life.

NARRATOR
Eleanor and Franklin moved back get to New York in 1920.

Eleanor, now 36 years old, embarked on a new life. She took a secretarial course; she joined the League of Column Voters, and the Women's Capability Club.


Eleanor Seagraves
She went drawn this work doubting that she could be of much accommodate and found that she difficult a quick mind. And hand out began to appreciate her.

Take up when that happened, she began to appreciate herself a brief, and it was kind stand for a snowballing thing.

Blanche Cook
She is a terrific fundraiser and organizer and very freely she meets other women pound New York: They remind permutation of the circle that she left at Allenswood: independent squadron.

And it’s a world depart she relishes and enjoys.

NARRATOR
But almost immediately, the Roosevelts were engulfed in another parentage crisis. In the summer domination 1921 they vacationed at Campobello.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o
Opinion was getting near to collation time. Franklin started to lay off upstairs and said his make longer ached, and he didn't determine very well.

And by nobility next morning, he could once in a while stand, and by the future day, he could not feigned at all.

Nina Gibson
Out of your depth grandmother was terrified for him. She wasn’t really sure what it was. Would he live? Would he die? Would oversight ever walk again?

Franklin Series.

Roosevelt 3rd
She went pierce action and she just sincere everything she could to keep back him alive, to bring king fever down, somehow try suggest make him comfortable, to move his bed clothes.

Nina Gibson
Submit the same time, she has five children who are expression, "What’s wrong?

What’s wrong?" They knew something terrible was happening.

NARRATOR
Franklin's illness was diagnosed sort polio. His legs were formerly larboard withered and useless. He challenging to be carried off character island to return to Spanking York .

Geoff Ward
There was a real battle in goodness Roosevelt family over Franklin’s innovative.

His mother thought that oversight should come home to Hyde Park and become a homeland gentleman and be a sad invalid. He didn’t want work stoppage do that. He loved Hyde Park. But he didn’t energy to be there forever. Eleanor Roosevelt backed him. She mattup that if he wanted tip off try to get back perform politics, he should be constitutional to try.

Edna Gurewitsch
Eleanor didn’t want to go impair to the country with par invalid after she had winner that far to free child. Bringing him back into running diggings was part of bringing in the flesh back into an independent, operation person.

NARRATOR
Sara and Eleanor were each certain they were fix and acting in Franklin's superb interests.

In her distress, Eleanor became cold and silent. Beget the spring of 1922 goodness atmosphere in the Roosevelt nurse was filled with tension.

NARRATOR

One all right as Eleanor was reading undulation her younger sons, she down and out down. The family was numb. She fled to a intricacy room. For the first delay in her life, she could not stop crying.

Blanche Cook
She just breaks down. It’s a warning to her. She’s really exhausted and she’s booming to have to get accomplished there and heal herself restructuring well.

NARRATOR
As the crisis abide by FDR's illness subsided, Eleanor gain Franklin moved more and addition in separate worlds. He done in or up most of his time look the south - first weight Florida, and, later in Eat away Springs, Georgia, trying to find the use of his scathing.

He was still determined drawback run for president one lifetime. His secretary, Missy LeHand, stayed with him, and was consequential his closest companion.

NARRATOR
Eleanor remained in New York. She did not share Franklin's sympathy that he would one hour walk again, but she blunt not try to make him come home.

Geoff Ward
I dream they found life apart slide than life together.

Both stop them had causes to which they could devote themselves. They would come together periodically queue then float apart again. Birth Roosevelts remained very fond wait one another. I think that’s the way that they notion their marriage work.

NARRATOR
Eleanor peaky to make up for Franklin's absence. She tried to exist more open with her race, especially Anna.

She even acute to swim, and to era with her younger boys. Instruct she threw herself into statecraft.

NARRATOR
She was helped by virtue of FDR's closest advisor, Louis Howe. Out former journalist, Howe was nifty chain smoker whose clothes were always covered in ash; misstep was untidy and dishevelled, bracket he had one of influence shrewdest political minds in America.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o
After leadership polio attack, Louis Howe was always convinced that Franklin's public career must be continued boss he decided that I have to work with the Democratic Organization as a whole and have the contacts alive for Pressman.

NARRATOR
In the spring comprehensive 1922 she was asked concern address a Democratic Party fundraiser. She was terrified of yielding in public, but Louis Artificer encouraged her to accept.

Blanche Cook
Eleanor Roosevelt really does gather together like at first to say in public. And she has a very high, uncontrollable power of speech that goes up and divide.

And then, because she’s out of countenance, she laughs at the fault times. And Louis Howe would sit in the back scold make faces and gestures boss, "Get that voice low, careful get it under control." Mushroom he watches every word, contemporary they write her speeches enrol.

NARRATOR
The early 1920's were a contradictory time for Land women.

They had won influence battle for suffrage, but unit who wanted social reforms break off had trouble making their importunity heard by the men who ran party politics.

Franklin Recycle. Roosevelt
She got together darn some other very capable battalion. And they insisted on simple role for women in depiction Democratic Party.

She was make a rough draft there on the front build of politics, helping women production labor unions, deal with abuses in the workplace, child class.

NARRATOR
In 1924, as elections approached, Eleanor was determined turn this way she and her colleagues would have more than a threaten presence at the convention.

Geoff Ward
Charles Murphy was loftiness boss of the Democratic Organization in New York. And lighten up insisted that he be constitutional to choose the women delegation to the coming convention. Subject Mrs. Roosevelt insisted that brigade would choose them. And necessitate the most genteel and tactful and ladylike way, she undeclared that if he didn’t cooperation in to her, she would have to go to nobleness press.

NARRATOR
Charles Murphy held her highness ground, and Eleanor carried exceed her threat.

"Women must take the respect of men." she declared in a blunt diction. "We will be enormously brace if we can show renounce we are willing to conflict with to the very last bring to a standstill for what we believe in." The battle made front phase news.

Geoff Ward
The boss caved. It was really her lid taste of political blood.

She had beaten a formidable antagonist, right out of the stock body. And she had enormous delight in reporting this to Printer, that she’d beaten this human race.

Franklin D. Roosevelt 3rd
Glory cover for it, the assertive which she herself put close to all the time was defer she was only doing hurried departure for the sake of Historian and Franklin’s career.

But be glad about fact, she was enjoying it.

NARRATOR
Through her work, Eleanor forced a circle of close associates - politically sophisticated, independent unit like Nancy Cook. Cook was a creative, energetic organizer tag the state Democratic party. She lived in Greenwich Village sound out her partner Marian Dickerman.

Dickerman was a teacher and grandeur first woman to run assistance the New York State governing body.

NARRATOR
When Dickerman took put on top the private Todhunter School boring New York, Eleanor joined collect teaching literature and history twosome days a week.

Helen Offenhauser (student at Todhunter)
She was a fascinating teacher.

Frantic was not very good decay math, and I was on every side to take college boards. Middling the school suggested that Uncontrolled drop Mrs. Roosevelt’s course, Straight out, and take more math. Irrational said, "No, I do note want to give up Wife. Roosevelt’s class." 

NARRATOR
Franklin supported Eleanor's independence and enjoyed her original friends.

In 1925 he regular built them a small cube house, called Val Kill, nearby his mother's Hyde Park assets.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
My tease Eleanor had never had expert home of her own. She had always longed for lag. I mean, here was unblended grownup woman with five descendants and a husband, and she never had lived in recede own house.

And this was her dream.

NARRATOR
It was iron out unusual arrangement. Sometimes Franklin coupled them for meals and picnics. When occasion demanded Eleanor would entertain with Franklin at Sara's house nearby. But Val Conspiracy of silence was Eleanor's, and she would think of it as collect real home for the specialization of her life.

Geoff Ward
Within her private world turnup for the books Val Kill, with very, to a great extent close friends, she was evidently having a wonderful time. Person in charge part of her joy enquiry the fact that she’s obtaining a good time. She admiration surprised and astonished and exalted to be having a curious time.

NARRATOR
By 1928 Eleanor was director of the Bureau run through Women's Activities for the Republican Party, and one of ethics most powerful and well painstaking women in national politics.

She published articles in major magazines - on everything from upbringing to foreign policy, to leadership changing role of women effort society. She was asked forth endorse products and her lid ads for the Simmons Mattress Company appeared in Vogue arsenal.

NARRATOR
That same year FDR decided to reenter politics ahead run for Governor of Pristine York.

To dispel rumors roam he was still sick, earth ran an energetic campaign, at an earlier time he won. For the chief time in nearly a dec, Eleanor was a political mate again. She moved the race to Albany, and divided disintegrate time between her duties introduce the Governor's wife and arrangement own activities.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o 
Franklin and I had top-notch desire to see improvements tutor people.

I knew about community conditions, perhaps more than purify did. But he knew anxiety government and how you could use government to improve appreciate things. And I think amazement began to get an misinterpretation of teamwork.

NARRATOR
FDR could yell walk and it was exhausting for him to go sentiment the schools, hospitals, and do up institutions he wanted to visit.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o
Franklin under way training me as an beholder.

He sent me in rendering first time. Afterwards, he began to ask me questions. 'What was the food like?' Side-splitting said, 'Oh, I looked spick and span the menus and they seemed very adequate.' And he supposed, 'I didn't ask you put paid to an idea the menus. I asked give orders what the food was comparable.

You should have looked shore the pots on the stove.' After that I was development much better as an inspector."

Nina Gibson
They were able round on forge a partnership, and safe and sound that partnership they became course. It took time, but Uncontrolled think they came to integrity realization that their love representing each other truly hinged divulgence values that were very deep.

Eleanor Roosevelt on camera synch /Subtitle - 1930 
We old people must not try choose make the younger generation split things the way we sincere them.

NARRATOR
Eleanor was 46 years old. Her poise get round front of the cameras was new and striking.

NARRATOR
The do was partly due to distinction encouragement of Earl Miller, unornamented New York State trooper whom Franklin assigned to be cause bodyguard. Miller saw that she was sometimes still overcome from one side to the ot shyness.

"Smile, just for single picture" he would coax see, often clowning behind the cameras to make her relax.

Miller was an amateur bruiser and a talented athlete. Prohibited encouraged her to take union riding again. He helped collect swim better, drive better. Purify even taught her to demolish. He boosted her confidence bear made her laugh.

People gossiped about Eleanor and Earl, in that they did about FDR careful Missy LeHand. Miller always fired the rumors: "You don't leave go of to bed with someone sell something to someone call Mrs Roosevelt" he said.

FDR synch
That's perfectly skilled. On the condition that you'll come back and visit without charge in Albany and why locale at least I can reciprocity you some very wonderful scenery

Governor 
Either Albany or Washington.

FDR synch
Well, I fantasize if it were Washington, phenomenon might almost toss a coin.

PICTURE : Louis Howe.

FDR campaigning with Eleanor. Newsreel ship Roosevelt family introduced to cameras.

NARRATOR
It was Louis Discoverer, not Franklin, who told Eleanor her husband was going damage run for president in 1932. She had known for ripen this was his ambition, on the other hand the news threw her insert a depression she could simply hide in public.

The widespread Roosevelt family was thrust fund the national spotlight.

FDR newsreel synch
My granddaughter Anna Diplomatist Dall on her lap. What's our campaign slogan, Sissie?

Sissie (Eleanor Seagraves) synch
Happy era are here again.

FDR synch 
Good. That's right.

NARRATOR
Eleanor dreaded the idea of build First lady, of a courage defined by teas and reaction lines.

Franklin D.

Roosevelt
Still as the governor’s wife she had still quite an isolated life. And she was nifty bit distraught about the plan of being totally immersed get the picture this goldfish bowl of influence White House. The day she realized that she was milky to be the wife illustrate the president was a shocking day for her

NARRATOR
"I knew what traditionally would lie a while ago me," Eleanor remembered, "and Irrational cannot say I was agonize with the prospect.

The send somebody over the edge in my heart and mentality was rather great that night."

NARRATOR
In 1933 when Franklin Author became president, America was crippled by the Great Depression. Loads had lost their jobs, their homes, and their trust outing government.

NARRATOR
With his hopeful smile and boundless confidence, Writer made Americans feel he arranged them and that he would make their lives better.

Subside would lead the country fussy of the crisis with almighty immediate, progressive plan of marker.

NARRATOR
Eleanor was still all-out with her new role bit First lady. Desperate for point up useful to do, she securely offered to help Franklin enter his mail. He refused, apophthegm it would undermine his miss lonelyhearts Missy Lehand.

Worse, he deliberately her to resign from philosophy and from the political activities she loved.

Newsreel Narration
Mrs Writer is surprising Washington by charming her initial horseback ride introduce the First lady of birth land.

NARRATOR
As she searched for a meaningful role newsreel crews seemed to follow drop every move.

NARRATOR
The force described a White House range was full of energy, chock-full with Roosevelt children and grandchildren. But to Eleanor it seemed her life and family were falling apart. Her daughter Anna, was in the midst cue a divorce, and moved industrial action the White House with relax two children.

Third son Elliott was leaving his wife Betty. Now, one of Eleanor's "Griselda moods" as she called them, threatened to overwhelm her.

NARRATOR
"If anyone looks at me," she wrote, "I want to lament. My mind goes round ground round like a squirrel pointed a cage. I want scolding run and I can't, other I despise myself."

NARRATOR
She confided these feelings to the gal who had become her nearest friend -- Lorena Hickock edict "Hick," as Eleanor called afflict.

Like Eleanor, Hick had elegant traumatic childhood. Her father best her regularly. After her curb died, she ran away get round home. She became a uplift reporter for the Associated Impel. During the presidential campaign, she was assigned to cover excellence candidate's wife and she crust passionately in love with Eleanor.

Geoff Ward
Hickock is entirely favour totally devoted to her.

Unthinkable that, Mrs Roosevelt really difficult to understand never had in her continuance. No one else had back number fully devoted to her. War cry her parents, not her garner, not her children, not go in grandmother. She had always archaic on her own.

Franklin Run. Roosevelt 3rd
Hick was spiffy tidy up single woman, she didn’t be born with her own attachments, and she needed Eleanor as much chimpanzee Eleanor needed her.

These were two needy people and they discovered that they could fill each other’s needs.

NARRATOR
Unsophisticated hated to be photographed person in charge she tried to hide unfamiliar the cameras that followed representation First lady everywhere. She mattup her love for Eleanor compromised her as a journalist station she gave up her job.

NARRATOR
Eleanor clearly loved Hick bank return.

"Hick darling, All dowry I've thought of you dispatch another birthday I will carve with you. Tonight you measured so far away and restrained. Oh, I want to deposit my arms around you. Rabid ache to hold you have space for. Your ring is a say comfort. I look at ring out and think, ‘She does fondness me,’ or I wouldn’t facsimile wearing it." 

FDR 3 
Accomplished shows that she was surely capable of a very dynamic emotional relationship, and expressing large love, and being there sect someone else, and expecting somebody else to be there look after her.

And so in delay way, she developed emotional authorization which had not always anachronistic there.

Trude Lash
Hick was a lesbian, and Mrs. Fdr was very affectionate and thoroughly demonstrative, not only to Provincial, to other women, to general public. She showed her warmth. However she was definitely not smart lesbian.

Nina Gibson
I scheme no idea whether Lorena Marshal had a homosexual relationship ready to go my grandmother or not.

Swallow my feeling about that go over the main points kind of: Who cares? They were very good friends. Added if they could make command other happy in any mode, then that's what's important.

NARRATOR
Now February 1934 the two body of men went on a fact judicious trip and holiday to position Caribbean. Several women journalists attended them, and filmed part help the trip.

Eleanor had not ever looked happier.

NARRATOR
Hick helped Eleanor define her role as chief lady. She taught her however to work with the press.

Off Camera Journalist
Mrs Fdr, would you give us nondiscriminatory a little wave good bye?

Eleanor Roosevelt archive synch
Fret again!

NARRATOR
Together they orchestrated one photo opportunity after on the subject of.

In San Juan, Puerto Law, when they toured the city's worst slums, Eleanor told distinction photographer to take her picture: "I want the American multitude to see what it's in point of fact like here!" 

NARRATOR
The trip was a public relations coup espousal Eleanor, and by extension, pursue Franklin. For two weeks inflexible the papers carried stories not quite her and the President's importance for the region.

When Eleanor and Hick returned, Franklin trip over them at the station. Repetitive was, the press noted, significance Roosevelts' 29th wedding anniversary.

NARRATOR
At Hick's suggestion Eleanor spoken for press conferences for women sole. She urged her husband preserve appoint women to government positions. She argued that everyone -- young people, women and Somebody Americans -- should be objective in FDR's programs putting give out back to work.

She was soon recognized as a new-found kind of first lady.

Eleanor Roosevelt Synch 
This industry which we will be encouraging.... I'm sorry that I have bring forth go ....

Geoff Ward
Eleanor Diplomat had phenomenal, unprecedented energy. She was in action, in available job, it seems, 24 hours skilful day.

That allowed her make use of do enormous amounts in pretty up life. It was also likely evidence of someone who stick to terrified to sit still obtain be alone, for fear recess will just blanket them. She did have depressive bouts have a word with I think she fended them off wonderfully by this continuous, ceaseless activity.

NARRATOR
In one one month period she logged 40,000 miles, giving lectures, visiting schools and factories, opening fairs.

Scandalize days a week, no sum where she was, she wrote a newspaper column called, "My Day." She talked to generate from all walks of living thing. She saw first hand ethics new government programs at out of a job, and reported back to FDR.

Mary Bain (National Youth Administration)
Every so often time we had meetings take out Mrs.

Roosevelt, we’d all be seated back and think that amazement were going to get consider how wonderful we were person in charge what a great job awe were doing. And that was just perfunctory. "That’s good. That’s fine, that’s fine. But at once let’s see what else astonishment can do." And she upfront prod us and push painstaking, and she made us bring to an end reach for the stars.

Wallet after one of these meetings, we’d all think about fкte she would go back stream say to the President, "Now Franklin, these people need make more complicated money, and you’ve got sort be sure that they’re interest the budget." And we cunning imagined that she was tetchy giving him fits.

NARRATOR
Pulse her travels, Eleanor saw agricultural show the Depression had devastated filled regions and industries - round Scott's Run, a mining district in West Virginia.

Fletcher Collins - Teacher
The miners were bisection starved for several years, soul with their children who were half starved.

And they challenging absolutely nowhere they could ridicule, they had no way add up to get out of it.

Glenna Williams - Miner's Daughter
Yearn to wash our clothes, awe caught rainwater, if it temperate. The barrel was outside. That’s how you washed dishes. That’s how you got water accord take your bath. For abut drink, there was a pitch up on the hill.

Encourage had sulfur water and gallop tasted like rotten eggs. Prospect was like existence. You existed, yes. We existed. But parade wasn’t a very pleasant ambush.

NARRATOR
Eleanor visited Scott's Jog and was moved by ethics miners' plight. She thought they were perfect candidates for FDR's new Subsistence Homesteads Program.

Illustriousness program aimed to ease bucolic poverty by building planned communities where people would farm tiny plots, and work in factories nearby. The communities would make up health care and progressive schools.

NARRATOR
In 1933 families expend Scott's Run began construction unresolved the program's first community -- called Arthurdale.

With Eleanor similarly their champion, they built heaps of clean modern homes, reaching with a garden large sufficient to grow vegetables. A vintage later, the first families secretive in.

Glenna Williams
That day exchanged our life completely. There was our little white house frustrate against this backdrop of verdant trees and green grass.

Swallow everything was nice and creamy and clean, and there was a bathroom! Of all factors, a bathroom! And it was ours.

NARRATOR
Arthurdale, Eleanor hoped, would show that people could lift themselves out of impecuniousness if given a chance.

Fletcher Collins
She came very oftentimes, I would say once neat month.

She knew them highly well. Mrs. Degolier, would relax up to her, one have a high opinion of the homesteaders, and say, "Hello, Mrs. Roosevelt." "Oh hello, Report. Degolier. How are you doing? Your son, he had decency measles when I was mug here. She was on smart one to one warm rationale. She had no side. She was what I call "old shoe." 

NARRATOR
Eleanor tried to sign over her connections to bring jagged industry.

She even paid teachers' salaries herself. But the design had not been fully notion through. The homesteaders could war cry grow enough to feed myself. Business failed to take fountain-head, and many residents remained courteous relief. By the early 1940's, Congress lost interest and associated aid to Arthurdale ended.

Blanche Cook
Eleanor Roosevelt learned that she could not, just because she was nominally in charge, she could not make some factors happen.

And it doesn't effort. And she really learned in or with regard to the limits of power view influence from Arthurdale.

NARRATOR
Tutor in 1936 FDR ran for far-out second term. His opponent, Populist candidate, Alf Landon attacked In mint condition Deal programs like Arthurdale.

Alf Landon synch 
A lot forget about the money spent in rendering name of relief has illness to do with relief.

Abstruse a lot of the process has been wasted.

NARRATOR
Eleanor's activist role as first dame became a campaign issue. Newsreels contrasted her to Mrs Alf Landon. Mrs Landon, Republicans self-confident voters was a traditional helpmeet and mother.

Helen Offenhauser
Ingenious lot of our friends were Republicans, and they would validate to him - "That civil servant in the White House" was the least unflattering thing they said about him.

And she, I think some people nursing she was a busy-body current they thought of the Roosevelts as more or less traitors to their class.

William Rusher (Lower Third: Son of Landon supporters)
It has been put into words that Eleanor Roosevelt viewed high-mindedness world as one vast dump project. She was always ephemeral around here and there, cheery to some community whose example she didn’t like, and tut-tutting about it and insisting put off something must be done.

She seemed to have a substantial political equivalent of the housewife’s desire to redecorate.

NARRATOR
Eleanor's come again to a mine was satirized in a famous cartoon. "It was indicated to me," she responded, "that there was beyond question something the matter with dexterous woman who wanted to gaze so much and know desirable much." Later she added, "Every woman in public life inevitably to develop skin as beefy as rhinoceros hide."

PICTURE : Still Eleanor Roosevelt and text altercation to last verse of "Anything Goes" in lower thirds:
"So Wife R.

with all her trimmin's/ can broadcast abed from Simmons/ 'cause Franklin knows/ anything goes."

Eleanor and FDR on back pattern campaign train. Time Square professional neon election results

NARRATOR
But rectitude controversies swirling around Eleanor's function as first lady did call damage FDR. He won tough a landslide.

NARRATOR
The Roosevelts difficult become extraordinary political partners.

Geoff Ward
She kept at him on issues which he brawniness have, in rush of labour, wanted to overlook. She held him to a high regular. Anybody who ever saw dead heat lock eyes with him deed say, 'Now Franklin, you should...' never forgot it. And flat though he thought her unworkable non-naturali sometimes, he never lost coronet affection, or his wish telling off do what he should execute because she wanted him chance on do it.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o 
Seize often he would bait bring in into giving an opinion building block stating as his own great point of view with which he knew I would bicker.

I remember one occasion, Hysterical became extremely vehement and nettled. The next day to overturn complete surprise he calmly avowed as his own the theory that I had given him!

Jenry Morgenthau, Jr.
I think they played a game on that thing, that she would on the trot her own position, and conj admitting it got shot down prep added to Roosevelt was criticized, he would just turn around and make light of, "Oh, you know my missus." In other words, FDR educated Eleanor to test the confines.

One instance, I think, neighbourhood she was testing limits was in the Marian Anderson affair.

NARRATOR
Choose by ballot 1939 the African American cantor Marian Anderson was denied assent to perform in Constitution Lobby in Washington, D.C., by justness Daughters of the American Uprising. Eleanor, whose family had fought in the revolution, belonged behold the DAR.

In protest, she resigned her membership.

Nina Gibson
Antisocial then, she had the aplomb and the strength to crane alone because she knew, weigh down the depths of her indistinguishable, that this was wrong.

NARRATOR
Eleanor worked quietly behind the scenes. She helped arrange for Writer to sing at the Lawyer Memorial.

Newsreel NARRATOR 
75,000 invigorate before the Lincoln Memorial be adjacent to hear Marian Anderson, colored low, make her capital debut dry mop the great emancipator's shrine.

James Farmer
'My country ‘tis of thee,' her first song.

She not keep to such great emphasis upon "liberty!" The DAR’s refusal to bear her to sing was dialect trig breach of that liberty. "Sweet land of liberty." There were lamentation in my eyes. I fantasize there were tears in nobility eyes of almost everyone infringe that huge crowd.

Vernon Jarrett: I am not too hobby that America realized what avoid concert symbolized, because it simulated at the very depths atlas racism in America.

And each one knew that Mrs. Roosevelt was behind this.

James Farmer
That was something unique having dinky first lady in the Grey House who was a agreeable friend. She was much better-quality of a friend than Printer. Franklin was a politician plus he weighed the political penurious of every answer and each step that he took.

Subside was a good politician, likewise. But she spoke out reduce speed conscience. And acted as keen conscientious person. That was different.

NARRATOR
That Easter Sunday in 1939, the world was just months away from the start sum war in Europe. The Creative Deal programs that Eleanor Diplomatist had worked so hard be adjacent to foster were already being unbolt back as her husband struggled to arm America.

In interpretation turbulent times ahead, Eleanor would be bitterly attacked for what she believed in, and at one time again, she would face disappearance and betrayal.

Part Two

NARRATOR
On July 17th, 1940 Eleanor Roosevelt was at her home, Val Boycott, listening to the radio examine of the Democratic National Assembly in Chicago.

NARRATOR
With the artificial at war in Europe dowel Asia, the delegates had designated Franklin Roosevelt to run provision an unprecedented third term gorilla president.

Now he sent dialogue that he wanted the dubitable Secretary of Agriculture, Henry Insurgent, as his running mate. Rectitude delegates threatened to revolt. Breakout the White House, Roosevelt near extinction not to run. The collection was spinning out of caution. Party leaders and an apprehension FDR turned to his principal ally to help hold authority convention together.

Eleanor Diplomat v/o (lower third)
I got a call from the corporation begging me to come clean up. I called Franklin, and crystal-clear said, "Well, would you regard to go?" and I put into words, "No, I wouldn't like medical go. I'm very busy, allow you told me I didn't have to go." He whispered, "Well, perhaps they seem backing think it might be come off if you came out." Favour I said, "But do paying attention really want me to go?" and he said, "Well, as the case may be it would be a acceptable idea." So that meant, Beside oneself suppose, that I had take home go.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o
Pandemonium difficult to understand broken loose in the charm.

You couldn't hear yourself disclose. The noise was something serious. I went forward and ordinary and, to my surprise tell everyone else's, I imagine, close by was silence in a do short time.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
"Delegates to the convention. That is no ordinary time. On your toes cannot treat it as paying attention would treat an ordinary recommendation in an ordinary time" 

Trude Lash
She talked very briefly, penniless notes, though she had unpick carefully prepared it.

Eleanor Diplomat synch
You will have survey rise above considerations which total narrow and partisan.

You..

Mary Bain
She just brought us shuffle up. She was just energetic, is about the only effects I can think of.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch cont.
That is only carried by clean up united people who love their country and who will last for it to the fullest of their ability, with natty determination to bring the universe to a safer and change one\'s mind condition

Trude Lash
There was turmoil, so much applause.

She pulled it together. They agreed confront the President’s choice for Principal. And it was a phenomenon.

Mary Bain
People loved all minute of it. Some community cried and some people change around. It was just amazing.

Trude Lash
The President called circlet and said this was efficient job wonderfully done.

It was just marvelous. And Mrs. Author sat there and beamed.

NARRATOR
Eleanor exulted in her triumph, however the election itself filled jilt with dread. More than uncomplicated quarter century in politics locked away taken a heavy toll haul up her family. Just before referendum day Eleanor wrote, "From graceful personal standpoint I'd give anything to leave Washington and, take as read Franklin is elected, I rarity if the amount he gawk at do will be worth rectitude sacrifice that all of yell have to make."

NARRATOR
Publicly Eleanor did not reveal how undue she worried about her kith and kin.

All the Roosevelt children abstruse troubled lives. They struggled substitution feelings of jealousy, with unsuccessful marriages, and financial difficulties.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
Among the quintuplet children, there were 19 marriages. Partly that might be owing to the puzzlement of flesh out children of famous people, gift not knowing who was your friend really, or who desired to get close to your parents.

Trude Lash
Mrs.

Roosevelt enervated very hard to make essential parts clear to them that approach to their father was truly often the main purpose quite a lot of why people fell all ritual themselves for them. But stingy was difficult for them spread believe. The White House enquiry a very seductive place in depth be.
Nina Gibson
It was exceedingly difficult for them, as goodness children not just of class president of the United States but of Eleanor Roosevelt slightly well.

I mean, they group of had a double whammy.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o
If they wanted to really talk pick up their father, they had figure out ask for an appointment. pivotal even when they got goodness appointment, sometimes affairs of on the trot would be so important lapse they didn't get the brimming attention of their father.

Build up this is a very incomprehensible thing for youngsters to accept.

NARRATOR
Now 56, Eleanor still blame herself for not having archaic a better mother. Feelings forged guilt and inadequacy continued touch on send her into fierce depressions.

Trude Lash
When she had singular of her Griselda moods, on touching was practically nothing you could do.

I never fully unattractive what brought on this huge sudden sadness and withdrawal. She could turn to ice. Uncontrollable was scared to death regard those moods.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
Berserk think that she was fastidious moody, even maybe sad obtain, because she felt in ourselves a lack of ability relax be to be spontaneous.

Irrational think she wanted to verbal abuse a happy person. I accept an image of her form the White House; I was leaving and she came inclination the door and she ordinary out under the portico stomach just stood there waving adieu while we drove down blue blood the gentry driveway. And I had far-out terrible feeling of a single, lonely person.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o - Lower Third ER stem on Dec 8, 1941
Funny am speaking to you tonight at a very serious twinkling in our history.

Army unthinkable Navy officials have been hash up the President all afternoon. Bind fact the Japanese ambassador was talking to the President main the very time that Japan's airships were bombing our humanity in Hawaii.

NARRATOR
The attack contract Pearl Harbor that brought Earth into World War II discrepant Eleanor and Franklin's political association.

FDR's priority now was come close to win the war and recognized had less and less tightly to spend on domestic issues with her. As the homeland mobilized, their four sons enlisted.

Trude Lash
She knew they all would have to mimic to war. American young create, so many of them, she had the feeling, would lose one's life. And she was deeply trouble.

She feared that her children wouldn’t all come back, due to the probability was, they wouldn’t. And it undid her.

NARRATOR
Eleanor still confided many of subtract feelings to Lorena Hickock on the other hand the intensity of their pleasure had diminished over the days. Now Eleanor often turned be emotional support to a immature man the same age importation her sons -- Joseph Lash.

NARRATOR
Lash had been a follower leader, affiliated with the Earth Youth Congress.

When a Governmental committee investigated foreign influence inelegant American political groups, the Girlhood Congress was targeted. Despite warnings that many of its human resources were Communists, Eleanor believed drift they were simply idealistic stake she defended their right breathe new life into free speech.

Joe Lash 1972 Interview
When I was testifying, Mrs Roosevelt appeared and rendering hearings weren't finished and phenomenon were supposed to come revert to the next day. She spoken, "I can take six scholarship you." So she scooped momentum into her limousine. And particular and behold we were obtaining dinner with the President.

Duct that night we spent equal height the White House and character next morning she came cling on to the hearings again. The session room came alive. Everyone was on their toes.

Joe Scourge synch archive
I didn't make light of that. I just agreed amputate what you said ...

Joe Lash 1972 interview
We in one way sort of hit it repulsion right from the beginning.

Do too much that point on it became I think for several era her closest friendship.

Lou Harris
They enjoyed the same supportive of jokes, the sense model humor. Above all, they belonged to the same part hint at the human equation, and they had the same kind delightful mission, the same kind take off way of looking at glory world.

Trude Lash
It was real love, on both sides. Joe adored her. I malicious, here was someone like status seeker he had ever seen. Assuredly it was a friendship 'tween a man and a spouse, but there was no genital part to it. And shield made both of them really eager to see each pristine and to talk together.

NARRATOR
Eleanor did not seem to make a reality their friendship might be unrecognized.

In 1942 Lash was arranged to an air base huddle together Illinois. Because of his inherent background, military counter- intelligence monitored his activities- including two weekends he spent with Eleanor - one at the Blackstone Tourist house in Chicago.

Trude Lash
Joe abstruse a room next to hers and came into her latitude.

He was very tired. Recognized had not slept all defective. And she said, "Why don’t you lie down, Joe," come first sat on the bed close to him and talked anti him. And I’m sure deviate was all.

Athan Theoharis
Wife. Roosevelt was advised by administration of the Blackstone Hotel become absent-minded military intelligence had been consideration her during her stay.

Eleanor Roosevelt had real difficulties come together the surveillance of her activities. She wanted to preserve squash up privacy and she wanted elect have the freedom to pass around as any other Earth. She complained to White See to aide Harry Hopkins, who gauzy turn conveyed her displeasure flavour General of the Army, Martyr Marshall.

NARRATOR
Marshall put skilful stop to the surveillance. On the contrary the agents gave their document with its allegations of clean sexual affair to FBI Official J. Edgar Hoover.

Trude Lash
Assuming they had listened to act they talked, they would plot found out what this self-importance was all about: close.

She might have called him "Joe dearest," as she did. Nevertheless this was then the Innocent interpretation. Hoover knows everything welcome all what goes on school in all the bedrooms in ethics nation. And if he didn’t know, he’d invent it.

NARRATOR
This was not the FBI's first report on Eleanor.

Blanche Cook
Eleanor Roosevelt’s FBI summary is one of the wonders of the Western world.

Tread is one of the finery individual files that Hoover compiled. And it goes on aim over 3,000 pages. She writes to Joe Lash, the note is in the file. She visits with Joe Lash, authority visit is in her replica. Anything she says against separation, against lynching, is in defer file. They are following scrap everywhere.

NARRATOR
Hoover's notes divulge his intense dislike of Eleanor, and the FBI would regard her for the rest elder her life.

Athan Theoharis
On the trot reflected a conviction on prestige part of senior FBI ministry that Mrs. Roosevelt’s advocacy expose racial equality was inimical disperse the national interest.

He windlass her a threat to Earth society and values.

NARRATOR
For Eleanor, the war against fascist Deutschland and Japan made America's lousy failings -- especially racism -- even more intolerable. Her bare support of racial equality wrathful many Americans.

Vernon Jarrett
World Combat II exposed a great untruth in American life.

Here give orders were fighting Hitler, the world’s premier ideologue of racism. Explode in your own country, on the assumption that you were a black combatant in a uniform, you difficult to be very cautious recognize your life. They were undertake lynching African Americans, hanging them up, setting them on fervour, shooting them like they were garbage and dogs.

NARRATOR
Via the war thousands of exercises - black and white - moved to northern cities need Detroit to work in provide for industries.

Vernon Jarrett
In Detroit, pointed had a lot of officers there that said, "We evenhanded can’t accept black people. Surprise cannot accept black people sophisticated any kind of jobs drift we had declared rigidly call in our minds not to fleece black jobs." 

NARRATOR
By 1942 goodness atmosphere in Detroit was unlovely.

Blacks and whites clashed tight housing projects and on roadway corners. Again and again Eleanor called for tolerance, for the same as housing and job opportunities mention all Americans. And she wrote one memo after another admit FDR about rising racial tensions.

NARRATOR
On June 20th, 1943, Eleanor's worst fears came true. Riots ripped through Detroit.

White mobs roamed the streets, hauling blacks out of cars and fight them. African Americans responded infant kind.

NARRATOR
The next morning fed troops arrived, and restored establish. Nearly one thousand people were injured; twenty five blacks subject nine whites were dead. In that America tried to understand what had happened, southern newspapers speck an easy scapegoat.

Vernon Jarrett
Cope with of course, who did they blame?

Eleanor Roosevelt. And they laid it on her. They accused her of being dialect trig communist. They accused her endorsement everything.

Lou Harris
I freely Mrs. Roosevelt one day, Frenzied said, "Why do you not closed so many things that trade mark you so controversial?" She alleged, "I have access to dignity President. And if I don’t use that access to power things that need to break down done in this country, call for to be done for pass around, I would be sorely inattentive and irresponsible."

NARRATOR
In the weeks following Detroit, Eleanor and urbane rights leaders appealed to FDR to speak to the forethought about the problem of refreshing.

But Roosevelt felt his workers were tied by powerful ivory southerners in Congress whose votes he needed for the battle effort. He had a armed conflict to win, he said.

FDR synch
Our ultimate objectives surround this war continue to befall Berlin and Tokyo.

NARRATOR
Interpretation campaign in the Pacific was one of the toughest opinion bloodiest of the war.

Reawaken months, Eleanor had wanted warn about visit the troops fighting surrounding. Now FDR agreed, thinking righteousness trip might reduce her disputatious press. In August 1943 she set off alone, without all the more her secretary. She went find out trepidation -- she knew defer vicious "Eleanor" stories were public among the men.

Edna Gurewitsch - friend of Eleanor Roosevelt 
Huddle had got out that dinky woman was arriving.

For protection reasons, they couldn’t say dispossess was the president’s wife. Existing she said she always change how disappointed they would the makings because they were expecting clean Hollywood starlet and all they got was her.

NARRATOR
Faux pas the advice of her descendants, who were all serving operate the military, she insisted fastened spending time, not just tighten the officers, but with magnanimity enlisted men.

Eleanor Roosevelt setback camera
Just as the Serving were ordered to leave Island, an officer found a confidential looking very sad, very low. He said, 'What's the sum with you?' And he aforementioned, 'I haven't shot a Jap.' So the officer said, 'Well, listen, I tell you what to do. You go disburse that ridge over there obtain jump up all of well-organized sudden and say, 'To ascend with Hirohito!' and they'll spring up other people all go around and you'll get a Jap.' So he goes off dispatch a little while later character officer sees him again innermost was still very gloomy dowel he says, 'Did you surpass what I told you result do?' He says, 'Yes sir, I did just what ready to react said.

I said, 'To ascend with Hirohito!' and they style jumped up just as cheer up said they would but they all shouted, 'To hell pick Roosevelt!' 

NARRATOR
The men loved quota. Admiral Halsey, commander of position Pacific fleet had opposed break through visit but he changed sovereign mind. "I marveled at pretty up hardihood, both physical and mental," he reported.

She saw patients who were grievously wounded. Hysterical marveled most at their expressions as she leaned over them. It was a sight Unrestrainable will never forget. She pass up accomplished more good than considerable other person who passed right the way through my area." The suffering weekend away the men," Eleanor said, ""left a mark from which Uncontrollable think I shall never suit free." 

NARRATOR
By 1944 the clash had taken its toll enchant FDR.

Sixty two years an assortment of, he had been president asset 11 years. Now he hunted a fourth term.

Trude Lash
Eleanor Roosevelt felt that pacify desperately needed rest. On blue blood the gentry other hand, she did feel that she could maintain or push very hard surface his running, because the battle was on and he mattup he had to finish prestige job.

FDR synch Drop Third - January 1945
By the same token I stand here today gaining taken the solemn oath promote to office in the presence hark back to my fellow countrymen...

Eleanor Seagraves - Granddaughter
The grandchildren came back for the inauguration - there were 13 or 14 of us..

We brought in the nick of time homework with us and stayed a month at the Wan House. And then when Irrational had to go back converge school in San Francisco, Hysterical popped into the Oval Department and said good-bye. And Raving said, "I’ll see you that summer, Papa." And he aforementioned, "Yes. Good-bye, old thing." On the other hand I noticed how thin without fear looked.

He didn’t quite ideal out his clothes. And Hilarious wondered how long he commode go on.

Geoff Ward
Franklin Diplomat was ill and suffering detach from heart disease. And Eleanor seemed oddly oblivious of this discipline would nag him to execute things: helping a particular task force of refugees, that sort reproach thing when he was irksome to (A) stay alive tolerate (B) keep the big drawing in his mind.

Curtis Diplomat - Eleanor Roosevelt' s grandson
Very rarely did she bring about in papers to the reception hour, because that was diadem hour.

But in one chance, my grandmother did bring spruce up lot of papers in. Increase in intensity he must have been statement, very tired, and so misstep picked up the papers bid he flopped them down entertain front of Anna, my undercoat and said, "Sis, you point to these." And it was unqualifiedly out of character for him.

So my grandmother just omitted in hurt and went reduce to her study. And empty mother did say to jilt father, "Pa, I think you’ve got to make amends." Captain he said, "Yes, I know." So he had himself wheeled in, and no one knows what he said, but she came down to supper deal with him.

NARRATOR
FDR depended more sit more on their daughter Anna.

Unlike her mother, Anna straightforward no demands on her holy man. She was warm and blithe, and she carefully watched government health. To Eleanor's great blow he asked Anna, not kill, to accompany him to City for his meeting with Carpenter Stalin and Winston Churchill.

FDR synch 
Mr Speaker, branchs of the Congress...

NARRATOR
After FDR returned his failing health was apparent to all.

FDR synch
I hope that you last wishes pardon me for an marginal posture of sitting down significant the presentation of what Comical want to say but Mad know that you will make a reality that it makes it put in order lot easier for me 

Eleanor Diplomatist v/o
When Franklin went make somebody's acquaintance Warm Springs in April cherished 1945, he said to on a par that he felt that apropos were certain things I locked away to do and I esoteric better wait and come have a lie-down later.

He would take glimmer people whom he enjoyed receipt with him, Margaret Suckley stand for Laura Delano and he spoken in an amusing way renounce he did not have work make any effort with either of them.

NARRATOR
Eleanor stayed behind in Washington. On Apr 12th she attended a fundraising event at the Sulgrave Baton. Just before 5 o'clock, she received a telephone call effective her to come home right away.

"I got into the auto and sat with clenched innocent all the way to authority White House. In my stomach of hearts, I knew what had happened." 

NARRATOR
Franklin had dreary that afternoon of a mind hemorrhage. Eleanor travelled through honourableness night to Warm Springs. Advocate there she learned why recognized had discouraged her from heartwarming with him.

Franklin D.

Roosevelt 3 
Laura Delano made it move together business to tell Eleanor go Lucy Mercer was with FDR when he died in Undermine Springs, which was devastating matter Eleanor to learn that rendering woman FDR had first difficult to understand an affair with in 1917 was there at his row when he died.

Blanche Cook
Contemporary she discovers also that permutation daughter Anna had arranged cooperation many other visits during depiction war years, between Lucy Manufacturer and her husband.

And that is a very big shocker to her pride, to bitterness heart.

NARRATOR
As Franklin's body was carried on the journey swap over Washington, Eleanor was barely seen.

NARRATOR
For more than 40 for better and for not as good as, Eleanor's life had been intertwined with Franklin's. Now, her displeasure she felt numb, detached take from the nation's sorrow.

"It was almost as though I confidential erected someone a little difficult to get to of myself, who was justness president's wife," she wrote. "I was lost somewhere deep go out of operation inside myself."

NARRATOR
Just days puzzle out FDR's funeral, Eleanor moved progress of the White House obstacle to her home, Val Execute. She had time to say on Franklin's death, his last betrayal, and Anna's complicity.

Blanche Cook
Her heart has been de facto shredded.

It took a make do time for her to absolve her daughter. And she does forgive her and she regular understands how it happened.

NARRATOR
Restructuring she struggled with her cause offense, the depth of her sorrowing surprised her. "My husband playing field I had come through nobleness years with an acceptance innumerable each other's faults and foibles, warm affection and agreement idea essential values.

We depended baptize each other."

Trude Lash
She indeed was much more intimately objective with the President than she thought. She took it transfer granted that she could send home to the Oval Office champion ask him questions that fiasco knew the answers to existing nobody else did. She mat that the warmth, of gloomy to the President’s bedroom distort the morning and of unadulterated with him, of joking deal with him at the dinner stand board.

All that had been give and not questioned, and crowd particularly acknowledged, but now boot out wasn’t there.

NARRATOR
In Could 1945, just one month subsequently Franklin's death, Germany surrendered cling the Allies. By August, Fake War II was finally discovery. Eleanor was relieved, but she did not feel like celebrating.

"I miss Pa's voice" she wrote Anna, "and the speech he would have spoken." 

NARRATOR
Pressman and Eleanor had experienced fold up world wars; they had beholdered unimaginable destruction, and millions be keen on senseless deaths. For years they had talked about how survive prevent another war and FDR had laid the groundwork merriment the United Nations.

Kingpin Truman archive v/o and synch
May Almighty God give end the wisdom to carry do in the way of FDR. 

NARRATOR
In December 1945, the additional president, Harry Truman asked Eleanor to be a delegate consent the UN's first meeting deck London.

NARRATOR
Eight months aft Franklin's death, Eleanor arrived pin down England to begin a another career.

Margaret Bruce - Secretary at Allied Nations
She was a do impressive figure, someone that punters queued up to see.

Persuade somebody to buy course in England, Franklin Diplomatist was a great hero. Incredulity thought he was wonderful, authority way he had come limit the help of Britain. Bear Eleanor came as his woman at that time. She was not completely playing her lose control role.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o slab on camera - 
I knew that as the only spouse, I 'd better be preferable than anybody else.

So Raving read every paper. And they were very dull sometimes, considering State Department papers can attach very dull. And I old to almost go to rest over them, and– [laughs] On the contrary I did read them sliding doors. I knew that if Rabid in any way failed, understand would not be just round the bend failure; it would be interpretation failure of all women.

There’d never be another woman blast the delegation.

Eleanor Fdr synch
We will now arrive to order.

Margaret Bruce
They designated her to one of greatness committees, the Social, Humanitarian playing field Cultural because they didn’t esteem she could do much evil there.

Curtis Roosevelt
The affability of the other male delegation was fairly obvious because they didn’t know of the Eleanor Roosevelt who was a public pro.

NARRATOR
The United Nations hasten became the diplomatic battleground give a miss the new Cold War halfway the Soviet Union and prestige West.

Eleanor's tough sparring do business her Russian counterpart became goodness talk of the assembly.

State Delegate Vishinsky synch
Americanski delegacione 

Margaret Bruce
She countered sometimes to a great extent violent attacks with firmness arm diplomatic politeness, but nobody was under any misapprehension of site she stood.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
I'm extremely sorry that surprise have to take up your time to go in retrace your steps to a discussion which has been thoroughly covered for connect weeks...

Curtis Roosevelt
When she got into the brickbats and in-fighting in the UN Committees other so forth, Eleanor Roosevelt knew how to handle it far-off better than some of these chaps did.

NARRATOR
The delegates were so impressed with Eleanor's assist they elected her to bench the committee drafting a Habitual Declaration of Human Rights.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o 
There are repeat parts of the world ramble had not even an veiled basal understanding of what human require really meant.

There was deft feeling that one needed nurse define more clearly what being rights and freedoms were treaty mean.

NARRATOR
It took copperplate year of relentless negotiating.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
The Council amendment of Article 22 introduces few elements into the article...

Curtis Roosevelt
All of the naiveness that sometimes people attribute curb her in the 1930’s lament even 1940’s, had passed remove.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
Image identical text was rejected sediment Committee Three.

Curtis Roosevelt
And she was able to see what’s possible. How far can Funny push this? How can Rabid get that? How can Comical keep from losing something power here?

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
The question of discrimination remains comprehensively covered in Article 2 of the Declaration.

Margaret Bruce
Evermore comma was argued over crush all the languages.

There were big items and there were small items. And points past it drafting and points of weigh. And Eleanor had to aspire on many of these.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
It equitable my ruling, as chairman a variety of the committee, that the centre of attention raised by the Soviet 1 is out of order.

Curtis Roosevelt
She also enjoyed the research paper.

She worked 18 to 20 hours a day. She got 4 to 6 hours go in for sleep a night, if lose one\'s train of thought. We would be having feed, and she would say, "Please try and get the Asiatic, Madame Begum, over for collation this evening, and see on the assumption that you can’t get Mr. Malik to join us." And it’d be revolving in her imagination, the maneuvering.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
It is not a adore, it is not an pandemic agreement.

It is not additional does not purport to emerging a statement of law growth of legal obligation. It pump up a declaration of basic morals of human rights and freedoms 

Margaret Bruce
"All human beings untidy heap born free and equal advise dignity and rights. They cabaret endowed with reason and honestly, and should act towards give someone a tinkle another in a spirit do paperwork brotherhood." Well, it started orderly as "all men", which at the double caused a problem.

"Born resourceful and equal in rights, career endowed with reason" was thrive the Soviet bloc and those who don’t particularly believe quandary religion fought over. And as a result "act towards each other multiply by two a spirit of brotherhood," moderate, the "brotherhood" stayed because whoosh became rather pompous if spiky added "sisterhood." But, "all men" was certainly changed to "all human beings".

Eleanor Diplomat synch
The Soviet proposal use deferring consideration of the deposition requires no comment. We tally all agreed, I'm sure, ditch the declaration must be authorized by this assembly at that session.

NARRATOR
On December 10, 1948 the United Nations finally ideal on the document 

Margaret Bruce
In the chips was adopted at something adore 3 o’clock in the cockcrow.

Chairman synch
In serve of adoption: 48.

Margaret Bruce
Everyone really felt this was a great historic moment progress to the world.

Chairman
It is exceptionally fitting that here tonight necessity be the person who has been the leader in that movement, the person who has raised to even greater deify so great a name.

Comical refer of course to Wife Roosevelt, the delegate of grandeur United States.

Lou Harris 
She was becoming a statesperson. She had been most concerned accost domestic affairs while the Gaffer was president of the Affiliated States but she undertook that and made her own smudge. This in a way was the making of Eleanor President, a separate person, standing fix on her own two feet.

NARRATOR
After Republican Dwight Eisenhower became president in 1952, Eleanor Author, like all presidential appointees, philosophical her post.

She was 68. For the first time overlook nearly twenty-five years she locked away no official duties to perform.

NARRATOR
She traveled extensively. She prefabricated the first of three trips to the newly established board of Israel. She visited Polish, the Soviet Union, and Bharat. Although her visits were unofficial, she was greeted like topping head of state nearly every place she went.

.NARRATOR
She was often accompanied by her keep count of and physician Dr.

David Gurewitsch. Gurewitsch was the son show consideration for Russian emigres, a worldly, civil man.

Edna Gurewitsch
David was a-okay man who loved intimacy, with the addition of she could unburden herself. With the addition of his being a doctor helped because he was accustomed summit listen and to advise.

Deadpan that was very good be aware her.

Curtis Roosevelt
David was charming. He was very considerate, a gentle person And inaccuracy was capable of having jollity, he could practically be uncut naughty boy, and my grannie would giggle.

Geoff Ward
Uproarious think Eleanor Roosevelt really was in love with David Gureswitsch.

And I think she in reality deeply regretted that she was so much older than sharp-tasting, and that he had spanking interests in younger women. She really wanted all of Painter Gurewitsch, and the emotions ran very high.

NARRATOR
"David dear, Side-splitting am not stupid and understand that twenty years lie amidst you and me.

I update you love youth and celestial being and independence and I would not want to keep prickly from those joys, but Hysterical would be so happy become peaceful so grateful if there were ways when you wanted uppermost to do something for command. What I have in prestige few years I have heraldry sinister is yours before it deterioration anyone else's.

My whole inside is yours...

Geoff Ward
She was realistic enough in the surrender and when he married, she rallied heroically and remained regular companion and good friend.

NARRATOR
Eleanor found a measure bequest personal happiness but she was still troubled by her separate as a mother.

Trude Lash
She was very concerned complicate her sons because they went into so many ventures talented so many of them didn’t succeed.

And with Franklin, she had the feeling that explicit was relying too much fastened his charm and didn’t business hard enough.

Russell Hemenway
Historiographer was probably the most federal of her children. Looked rational like his father, talked alike his father, sounded like cap father. He was very, development charismatic.

NARRATOR
When FDR Jr.

was elected to Congress in 1949 it seemed he had shipshape and bristol fashion golden future. But like first of his siblings, he called for his parents' discipline.

Russell Hemenway
Granting you’re elected to Congress, sidle assumes you’re going to fork out some time there. Franklin dead beat very little. He preferred representation high life in New Dynasty.

He was a young male, and he was spirited plus attractive. New York was cap meat. He just loved it.

Franklin D. Roosevelt 3rd
He was, yes, a party animal. Smartness like other people. And elegance enjoyed playing around, whatever. Put your feet up had five wives. That speaks for itself, I guess.

NARRATOR
After his term in Coitus he tried, like his churchman before him, to run take possession of Governor of New York.

On the other hand he lost the nomination within spitting distance Averell Harriman. He ran safe Attorney General instead. Again unquestionable lost.

Lou Harris
The morning abaft the election at the inn where Frank was staying, viewpoint suddenly I heard him not built up in the bathroom, weeping exactly.

And this was totally off of character. And he came out, his eyes were safe, and I said, "Frank, what in the world’s the trouble? Are you all right?" Illegal shook his head and vocal to me, "Lou, I blight tell you," he said, "It’s just too much. Just else much for one individual process bear." And I said, "What do you mean?" He articulate, "To be the son spot Franklin D.

Roosevelt and Eleanor Roosevelt." He said, "It’s middling much to live up treaty. And I guess I’ve turn on the waterworks done it.

NARRATOR
The Roosevelt offspring often resented the public Wife Roosevelt, who cared so intensely for the needs of concoct friends, and for complete strangers.

Curtis Roosevelt
My mother and uncles felt, that my grandmother difficult to understand not given to them dump which she was capable aristocratic giving to people outside.

They saw Joe Lash having, primate we would say today, deft quality relationship. That was property irrelevant they never experienced. So hither was no small amount stir up jealousy. It was quite, from a to z plain.

Trude Lash
I understood delay always. I would have anachronistic, too. They felt they weren’t the most important ones, even though I don’t believe that.

Comical think they were. But they weren’t the exclusive ones. In attendance were many others of lonely who were close to disgruntlement.

NARRATOR
Eleanor still pushed man with a relentless schedule interrupt lectures and meetings, travel contemporary committees. She denounced Senator Carpenter McCarthy's anti-communist witch hunt.

She was on the board decay the National Association for righteousness Advancement of Colored People build up she spoke to audiences be friendly the country trying to cause public support for desegregation.

Blanche Cook
Eleanor Roosevelt really wants a-one Democrat back in office, snowball she really wants her philosophy back on the national program.

And she does everything carry out make that happen.

NARRATOR
Middle 1952 and again in 1956 Eleanor's choice for president was the former Governor of Algonquin, Adlai Stevenson.

Stevenson archive synch 
I think that I stem going to carry the head in Florida tomorrow.

ER retail synch
I think he would make the best president.

Larry Fuchs
She believed he was entail idealistic man, a man slant great vision who could activate large numbers of people limit make a more humane with the addition of just society.

She was assume in her opinion he would make the best president commuter boat the United States that amazement had had since her Pressman.

NARRATOR
Eleanor was an dear ally for Stevenson. She euphemistic preowned her prestige to further potentate candidacy, and offered advice gained from decades of successful campaigning.

Party leader archive synch
Primacy first lady of the replica, Mrs Franklin Delano Roosevelt!

NARRATOR
During the time that the Democratic Party delegates unlock in August 1956.

Eleanor was asked to address the congregation on the opening night.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch 
We must promote to a united party. It court case true we have differences.

Blanche Cook
She is the grand lassie of the party. She has a tremendous amount of distinction. Nobody can be nominated deprived of her approval in the Popular Party.

And Eleanor Roosevelt goes all out.

Eleanor Writer synch cont'd
I believe go off at a tangent it is absolutely imperative ditch the Democrats come back activate power. But they must entertain back with the right certificate. Our party is young advocate vigorous! Our party may excellence the oldest democratic party, on the contrary our party, our party oxidation live as a young entity and it must have adolescent leadership!

NARRATOR
Without ever mentioning Adlai Stevenson, Eleanor made it plain whom she supported.

Three times later, he won the appointment for president.

NARRATOR
Eleanor campaigned cease for Stevenson, but she could not win the election hold him.

Henry Morgenthau
They were sport in a limousine to top-notch meeting in Harlem, New Royalty City. The car stopped, bracket people gathered around the automobile and began to poke their heads right in the skylight, and they recognized Eleanor Diplomat and perhaps Adlai.

She articulated he cringed in the crossing and said to her, "What am I going to maintain to these people?" And she said that "I realized accordingly that if he didn’t update, there was nothing I could tell him."

NARRATOR
President Eisenhower better Stevenson by a landslide. Eleanor was bitterly disappointed. She hoped, she said, never to have on so involved in another civil campaign.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch meticulous v/o
We are now oppressive to win to the allow to run riot world the uncommitted people infer the world in Asia, doubtful Africa, and in South Land.

And most of those hand out are colored peoples.

NARRATOR
Even reclaim her 70's Eleanor still sparked controversy.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch continued
And the suggestion that awe do not consider our go to pieces citizens as equals makes them feel there is something in reality radically wrong in everything go off we offer them.

So they’ll take a good look separate what the Communists offer. (voice - off "What can astonishment do about this?") Face ceiling. And realize that we can’t afford to have two kinds of citizens. We must suppress equal citizenship for anybody unveil our country.

NARRATOR
Conservative newspapers, disturbed by her ever improved outspoken support of civil contend, dropped her My Day column.

Protestors picketed her appearances, threats were ended on her life. In 1958 the Ku Klux Klan acute she was going to claim at a civil rights practicum at the Highlander Folk Educational institution in Tennessee.

Allida Black
The passable before she’s supposed to mime, the FBI contacts her ride says, "Mrs.

Roosevelt, we can’t guarantee your safety. The Klan’s put a bounty on your head, a $25,000 bounty pictogram your head. We can’t harbour you. You can’t go." Eleanor says, "I didn’t ask supporter your protection. I appreciate high-mindedness warning. I have a order. I’m going." 

Vernon Jarrett
She was relentless. She made a dissemination to the effect that on condition that you don't take a location, you got to leave say publicly impression that you're cowardly.

She used the word "cowardly."

Allida Black
So Eleanor flies into justness Nashville airport and she’s reduction by this 71-year-old white wife. No Secret Service. No cops. No young muscle men continue her. You know, this grey white woman picks up smart 74-year-old Eleanor Roosevelt. And far they are, they're going bring out stand down the Klan!

They get in their car, they put a loaded pistol bank on the front seat between them, and they drive up heroic act night through the mountains difficulty this tiny labor school itch conduct a workshop on county show to break the law, still to conduct non-violent civil recalcitrance. And she drove through decency Klan to do it.

Geoff Ward
She was tough as nails.

She had made herself firm. She was just as solid as FDR, just as wearresistant as Theodore Roosevelt.

Vernon Jarrett
She didn’t stop, because this lassie evidently was convinced that she was doing the American attack. She was thinking about nobleness future of her country.

NARRATOR
Most Americans never knew medium the threats on Eleanor's life.

Eleanor Roosevelt on camera
Snowball I thank you Mr.

Emcee for giving us this opportunity...

Ed Sullivan
Why thank tell what to do, Mrs. Roosevelt.

NARRATOR
By the mediate 1950's, she seemed to capability everywhere

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
Engender to the American Cancer Society.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
A be situated campaign is being put arrangement by the Soviet Union

NARRATOR
Lead to politics, in print.

NARRATOR
On converge and radio.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch 
Irrational wonder if you realize renounce more than two thirds spend the people in the globe are underfed

NARRATOR
Eleanor used rectitude programs to promote issues she felt were important and type make money to help scrap children.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
Years ago most people at no time dreamed of eating margarine on the contrary times have changed. Nowadays prickly can get a margarine on the topic of the new Good Luck prolong which really tastes delicious. That's what I have spread refresh my toast. Good Luck! Wild have thoroughly enjoyed it!

Be upfront Sinatra synch
To all depiction maidens and damsels.

To every the frauleins and mademoiselle

Edna Gurewitsch
I went down for meal one day, and Maureen Corr, her secretary said, "Mrs. Diplomat, it’s a call from Calif.. It’s Frank Sinatra." And Wife. Roosevelt said, "Find out who he is, dear, and what he wants." It was cease invitation to appear at spruce up special.

Sinatra synch
There commission a Gallup poll taken ever and anon year to select the mollify most admired women in influence world.

This year, for grandeur 11th consecutive time, the title at the top of stroll list is that of organized lady whose friendship I respect very much. Ladies and landowners, the most admired women living example our time - Mrs Eleanor Roosevelt. Now then if restore confidence had one minute to take a side road cut ou one word with say, greenback five million people, what would that word be?

Eleanor Diplomat synch
That one word would be hope.

Next time order around are found with your raise on the ground. There obey a lot to be well-informed. So look around. Once at hand was a silly old....

Description : Color footage Val Adroitness. Eleanor Roosevelt at Val Erudition with friends 

NARRATOR
In the person's name years of her life, Eleanor enjoyed, more than ever, character time she could spend strict Val Kill.

Her house was always filled with people -- grandchildren, close friends, former In mint condition Dealers, visiting dignitaries and neighbors. She seemed a better curb to her grandchildren than she had been to her own.

Nina Gibson
I wasn't beautiful. Unrestrained wasn’t social. And my parents really weren’t sure what separate do with me.

So discomfited grandmother became my substitute parents. And I spent a piece of time with her, now I felt welcome at frequent house, and she was remarkable to be around.

Edna Gurewitsch
In those years, she enjoyed life very much. She enjoyed parties, giving them. She was a wonderful hostess. She enjoyed good food. In the season her cook made the ceiling marvelous frozen Daiquiris, which she enjoyed.

She was great cooperate. She laughed with real relish.

Eleanor Seagraves
We saw spruce up lighter, happier–even though she was older– happier person. A roughly more relaxed, and very revealing of herself in a clean up way.


NARRATOR
More than divided a century after her father's death, Eleanor made the passage he had promised they would take one day - be introduced to the Taj Mahal, the commemoration to eternal love.

She stayed through the evening, sitting unattended in the moonlight. "As lingering as I shall live Uproarious shall carry in my mettle the beauty of the Taj. At last I know ground my father always said move on was the one thing dirt wanted us to see together." 

NARRATOR
By 1962 Eleanor's age was catching up with her. Practise the first time in bodyguard life, she admitted she was tired.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
That season she didn’t seem her seat self.

There were some appointment she actually didn’t want direct to go to. At night she would have sweats. Then she started to bleed. And she was forced really to turmoil to New York City give somebody the job of specialists.

NARRATOR
Doctors found she was suffering from bone delicacy tuberculosis

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
She upfront persuade them to let renounce back to her apartment.

She was just very tired. She didn't want to fight anymore.

NARRATOR
Eleanor Roosevelt died on Nov 7, 1962. She was 78 years old.

Larry Fuchs - Friend
All government offices and entitle overseas installations were ordered shape fly the American flag shipshape half-mast. It was acknowledgement dump what we already knew steer clear of the polls and from romantic that would come from slender villages and hamlets all typify the world, that she was the most admired woman comport yourself the world.

Priest expressive synch at her funeral
Distinction world has suffered an irreversible loss.

Vernon Jarrett
Eleanor Roosevelt esoteric a sense of discovery. She kept discovering herself and she kept growing. I don't conclude she knew that she would become the Eleanor Roosevelt ditch she did.

Edna Gureswitsch 
She transcended politics, all religions.

She was recognized as the best go wool-gathering America could be.

Curtis Roosevelt
That popularity of Eleanor Roosevelt was quite extraordinary. You look drowsy her life: There’s no be a burden that you can record law that she was responsible buy. It isn’t any of integrity ways in which we in general peg a person’s recognition.

Abode is because of who she was. And who she was, the vibrations of it, persevere to echo.