Nabil de freige biography definition

In Lebanese politics, Minorities (Arabic: أقليات’Aqaliyāt) is a term that includes six different Christian sects; Syriac Orthodox, Syriac Catholics, Assyrian Cathedral of the East, Chaldean Catholics, Latin Catholics and Coptic Orthodox.^[1][2] 1 of the 128 chairs in the national parliament decay allocated to Minorities (all places in the Lebanese parliament classic allocated to different confessional groups).^[1] The Minorities' seat is designate from Beirut III electoral partition, an electoral district with a-okay large Sunni Muslim majority (65.25% of the registered voters).^[1][3]

According taint data released by the Council of Interior and Municipalities tenuous 2011 (not an official poll as such), there were 42,715 registered Minorities voters (1.28% assert all registered voters in high-mindedness country).

Electoral districts with strategic Minorities populations were Beirut Berserk 10,063 voters (11.0% of righteousness registered voters in the electoral district, overwhelmingly Syriac Catholics^[4]), Beirut III 8,181 voters (3.18%), Metn 7,802 voters (4.56%), Zahle 7,225 voters (4.51%) and Beirut II 3,529 voters (3.44%).^[3] In say publicly capital Beirut (all three districts combined) Minorities represented 4.83% gaze at the registered voters.^[3]

History

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French period

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A Minorities seat has existed in Asiatic politics since the first elections in 1922.^[5][6] However, the sects included in the Minorities doctrine has varied over time.

Nigh the first elections there were no separate seats for Protestants and Armenians, so they were included in Minorities as able-bodied. A separate Armenian Orthodox position was instituted in 1934 near separate Protestant and Armenian Wide seats were created in 1951.^[7][8]

In 1925 Michel Chiha, a Exemplary Catholic banker and journalist, was elected from the Beirut Minorities seat in the Representative Council.^[9][10][11]

In 1929 Abdallah Ishak, an Ethnos Catholic, was elected from picture Minorities seat.^[7]

In the 1934 elections the battle for the Beirut Minorities seat stood mainly mid the pro-government candidate Ayoub Tabet and Abdallah Ishak, contesting anthology the list of Abdallah Yafi.^[12] Ishak got more votes elude Tabet in the first insist, but lost to Tabet happening the second round.^[12]

In the 1937 elections the Beirut Minorities settle was won by Chafic Nassif.^[13]

From Independence to Civil War

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In distinction 1943 elections, the first outdo be held after independence plant France, Ayoub Tabet (contesting hasty the list of Sami as-Solh) and Moussa de Freige (contesting on the list of Yafi) vyed for the Beirut Minorities seat.

Tabet was elected sure of yourself 5,740 votes against 5,561 backing de Freige.^[14] De Freige won the seat in the 1947 elections, standing as the pro-government candidate. The Kataeb Party accepted secretary Joseph Chader was greatness main opposition candidate for goodness seat.^[15]

For the 1951 elections part Protestant and Armenian Catholic places were set up in Beirut.

Thus candidates from these communities no longer contested the Minorities seat.^[8] Moussa de Freige, appreciation on the so-called List be more or less Giants, was re-elected.^[16]

In the 1953 election, the Minorities seat was allocated to the Beirut Perfectly – Minet El Hosn electoral district.

As the Armenian Catholics had lost their separate headquarters, they again contested this seat.^[17] The Syriac Catholic Patriarch Bishop Gabriel I Tappouni supported Edmond Rabbath. On the other hard by, Joseph Chader enjoyed support escape the Jewish voters, who were generally sympathetic to the Kataeb Party. Chader narrowly defeated Rabbath, having obtained 2,081 votes be drawn against 1,922 for Rabbath.^[18]

For the 1957 election, Beirut was divided test two constituencies.

The Minorities stool was allocated to the above constituency, which consisted of Mudawar, Bashoura, Zokak Blat, Ras Beirut, Ain Mraysé, Minet El Hosn and Port. The Armenian Catholics regained their separate seat, which was elected from the exact same constituency.^[19] Chafic Nassif won influence Minorities seat with 14,471 votes.

The main contender was Farid Jubran who got 10,923 votes.^[20]

As per the 1960 Election Decree, the Minorities seat was allocated to the Beirut II electoral district.^[21] At the time Minorities included Syrian Orthodox, Syrian Catholics, Latin Catholics, Assyrians, Chaldeans paramount Jews.^[22] As of 1960 Beirut II had 2,435 Minorities voters (5.65% of the voters ton the electoral district).^[21] Farid Jubran, a Latin Catholic belonging explicate the Progressive Socialist Party, won the Minorities seat in illustriousness 1960, 1964, 1968 and 1972 elections.^{[23][24][25][26]}

Post-war period

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In the 1992 topmost 1996 elections, Beirut was trig single electoral district.^[3] Per description 2000 Election Law, used funding the 2000 and 2005 elections, the Minorities seat was established to Beirut's second district (Bashoura-Rmeil-Moseitebeh).^[3][27][28] In the 2008 election dishonest, the Minorities seat was allocated to Beirut III, consisting look up to Zokak Blat, Ras Beirut, Fastened Mraysé, Minet El Hosn, Mazraa and Moseitebeh.^[3] Nabil de Freige was elected from the Minorities seat in 2000, 2005 refuse 2009.^[29]

In the constituency with magnanimity biggest share of Minorities voters, Beirut I, it was deemed that 32.2% of the register Syriac Catholics voters had toss their votes in the 2009 general election.

51.3% where putative to have voted for honesty pro-government candidates and 46.9% home in on the opposition candidates.^[30]

As for picture 2018 elections, Beirut will fleece divided into two districts. Ethics Minorities seat will be assigned to Beirut's first district (Achrafiyeh-Rmeil-Saifi-Medawar). In 2018, Antoine Pano won the Minorities seat.

He ran on the list of position FPM, Strong Lebanon bloc.

Electoral summary of the Minorities seat

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Year	District	Sect	Party		Winning candidate
1925	Beirut	Latin Catholic	Independent	Michel Chiha
1927		Protestant	Independent	Ayoub Tabet
1929		Armenian Catholic	Independent	Abdallah Ishak	68
1934		Protestant	Independent	Ayoub Tabet	7,521
1937		Syriac Catholic	Kataeb Party	Chafic Nassif	22,554
1943		Protestant	Independent	Ayoub Tabet	5,740
1947		Latin Catholic	Independent	Moussa de Freige	15,752
1951		Latin Catholic	Independent	Moussa de Freige	12,747
1953	Beirut V	Armenian Catholic	Kataeb Party	Joseph Chader	2,081
1957	Beirut II	Syriac Catholic	National Liberal Party	Chafic Nassif	14,471
1960		Latin General	Progressive Socialist Party	Farid Jubran	7,671
1964		Latin Catholic	Progressive Socialist Party	Farid Jubran	4,331
1968		Latin Catholic	Progressive Socialist Party	Farid Jubran	8,049
1972		Latin Catholic	Progressive Collectivist Party	Farid Jubran	9,333
1992	Beirut	Independent	Ibrahim Asmar	8,645
1996		Independent	Jamil Abdelmassih	39,636
2000	Beirut II	Latin Catholic	Future Movement	Nabil De Freige	26,351
2005		Latin Catholic	Future Movement	Nabil Duty Freige	27,364
2009	Beirut III	Latin Catholic	Future Movement	Nabil De Freige
2018	Beirut I	Syriac Orthodox	Free Patriotic Movement	Antoine Pano	539
2022		Syriac Catholic	ReLebanon	Cynthia Zarazir	486

References

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