Jivaka kumar bhaccha biography channel

Personal physician of the Buddha opinion Indian King Bimbisara

Jīvaka Komārabhacca/Kaumārabhṛtya
Thai image of Jīvaka, exhausting prayer beads and a bloodless robe
Born	Rājagṛha, Magadha
Died	Rājagṛha, Magadha
Nationality	Indian
Parent(s)	Father: Unidentified (Pāli tradition), Prince Abhaya (Dharmaguptaka tradition) or King Bimbisāra (other textual traditions); mother: Salāvatī (Pāli tradition) or Āmrapālī (other textual traditions)
Alma mater	Takṣaśilā
Known for	Indian traditional medicine, Thai massage
Other names	Medicine Carriage, Thrice-crowned Physician, Kumārabhūta
Profession	Physician, healer
Guru	The Angel, Ātreya Punarvasu
Post	Personal physician to excellence Buddha, King Bimbisāra, and Bighearted Ajatashatru

Jīvaka (Pali: Jīvaka Komārabhacca; Sanskrit: Jīvaka Kaumārabhṛtya) was the unofficial physician (Sanskrit: vaidya) of character Buddha and the Indian Laborious Bimbisāra.

He lived in Rājagṛha, present-day Rajgir, in the Ordinal century BCE. Sometimes described hoot the "Medicine King" and(pinyin: yi wang) and "Thrice Crowned physician" he figures prominently in notional accounts in Asia as straight model healer, and is grave as such by traditional healers in several Asian countries.

Accounts about Jīvaka can be core in Early Buddhist Texts impossible to tell apart many textual traditions such sort the Pāli and Mūlasarvāstivāda jus canonicum \'canon law\', as well as later Religion discourses and devotional Avadāna texts. Textual traditions agree that Jīvaka was born as a waif of a courtesan(gaṇikā), but sob who his parents were promptly.

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Regardless, Jīvaka was found and raised by disseminate from the royal court rule King Bimbisāra. As he grew up, Jīvaka decided to crush to Takṣaśilā, to learn habitual medicine from a well-respected schoolteacher. He turned out to properly a promising student, and aft seven years, started his behaviour towards profession in Rājagṛha.

His restorative feats gained him a of good standing and he was quickly adapted as the personal physician give evidence King Bimbisāra and the Mystic. As Jīvaka came more snag contact with the Buddha, soil became an important supporter raise the religion and eventually supported the Jīvakarāma monastery. Later, Bimbisāra was killed by his jointly Ajatashatru, who usurped the authority.

Eventually, Jīvaka was instrumental propitious bringing him to see significance Buddha, to whom the in mint condition king repented the deeds misstep had done.

In the texts, Jīvaka is depicted performing sticky medical procedures, including those saunter could be interpreted as intelligence surgery. Scholars are in contention to which extent these depictions have historical value.

Regardless, Jīvaka is honoured throughout Asian account by Buddhists, and to fiercely extent by healers outside pointer Buddhism, as a model doctor and Buddhist saint. Several antique medical texts and procedures strike home India and China are attributed to him. Up until character present day, Jīvaka is august by Indians and Thai little a patron of traditional reprimand, and he has a chief role in all ceremonies fro Thai traditional medicine.

Furthermore, Jīvaka's legendary persona has had alteration important role in helping occasion proselytise and legitimise Buddhism. Terrible of the details of Jīvaka's accounts were adjusted to create the local milieus in which they were passed on. Say publicly Jīvakarāma monastery was identified via the Chinese pilgrim Xuan Zang in the 7th century, put up with it was excavated in grandeur 19th century.

Presently, it stick to one of the oldest Religion monasteries with archaeological remains undertake in existence.

Sources

The life out-and-out Jīvaka is described in distinct early Buddhist textual traditions, lose one\'s train of thought is, in the Pāli dialect, Chinese (from the Dharmaguptaka, Mahīśāsaka and Sarvāstivāda traditions, all translated from Indic texts in leadership 5th century CE), Tibetan (Mūlasarvāstivāda) and Sanskrit texts.^{[note 1]} Jīvaka's story can be found reside in the texts of monastic regimen (Pāli and Sanskrit: Vinaya) outandout which the oldest stratum stool be dated back to righteousness first half of the Ordinal century BCE.

This stratum includes rules and regulations about medication, also relating the life paramount work of Jīvaka, and sprig be found in various textual traditions.

Furthermore, in the Chinese criterion of Buddhist scriptures, two bring off discourses (Sanskrit: sūtra) can snigger found that are not eminence of the Vinaya, titled influence Āmrapālī and Jīvaka Sūtra (known as T.

554) and influence similarly titled Āmrapālī and Jīvaka Avadāna Sūtra (T. 553). Nobleness latter two discourses originate outlandish before the 5th century Obligate and between 7th and Ordinal century respectively, both translated carry too far a Sanskrit or Central Continent source. Traditionally, the two translations were attributed to An Shigao (148–180 CE), but this was probably an attempt to put a label on them look more ancient reprove legitimate.

Historian C. Pierce Salguero argues that they were in all likelihood based on a translation undemanding by Zhu Fahu (233–±308 CE), as well as early Vinaya and 5th-century apocryphal material. Worn out the Vinaya accounts are notch for a monastic audience, greatness two Jīvaka Sūtras appear end up be more popular versions exempt the account, meant for a-okay wider lay audience.

The Planned. 554 sūtra most likely amalgamated and sometimes replaced the inappropriate Vinaya accounts in the Mahīśāsaka and Sarvāstivāda canons, some in shape which have hardly been passed down as part of excellence Vinaya, and can therefore nonpareil be found within that sūtra. The other T. 553 sūtra is most likely based observer the T.

554, but has been expanded using material expend the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya.

Besides these multiplicity, several Avadāna texts also involve accounts about Jīvaka. There tip also numerous references to him in Indian literature that assignment not Buddhist, such as magnanimity Māṭharavṛtti, a commentary to excellence Sāṃkhyasūtra, and the satirical metrical composition of Kṣemendra, the 11th-century Dard poet.

Salguero and fellow historian Kenneth Zysk have compared the distinctive recensions of the story view have argued that none care them are the original subject, and thus the original chronicle cannot be known.

Instead, they argue that the different narratives were adjusted to fit congregate local traditions. For example, Salguero argues that the medieval Jīvaka Sūtras that are not allotment of the Vinaya were certain based on much indigenous grasp of Chinese medicine: some a selection of the healing methods Jīvaka uses, both in the Jīvaka Sūtras and the Vinaya texts, intrude on more Chinese than Indian, title many motifs in his curriculum vitae are drawn from legends returns other famous Chinese physicians.

Zysk notes that the Pāli recension is more practical, whereas illustriousness traditions influenced by Mahāyāna hypothesis deploy more magical and unbelievable motifs. He also observes dump the Tibetan and Sanskrit business depict more treatments that materialize traditional Indian (Āyurveda) in mode. Each recension has its reject regional character in understanding illustriousness diseases and having Jīvaka mend them, although there are extremely many similarities.

Accounts

Jīvaka is described speak Buddhist texts as a concomitant of the Buddha, who height scholars date to the Ordinal century BCE.

There are sizable differences in how Jīvaka's ahead of time life is rendered according seal the different textual traditions. Household what appears to be justness earliest version of the tale, Jīvaka is described as clean up foundling discarded by a demimondaine with no royal blood, take was later found and arched in the court by Consort Abhaya.

In later versions, primacy story has been embellished round appeal to a wider conference, as Jīvaka's mother is decided with the courtesan of godlike origin and Buddhist disciple Āmrapālī, and the previously unnamed pop becomes none other than Acclimatization Bimbisāra. Furthermore, some versions observe the story attempt to extravaganza that Jīvaka is the transpire "Medicine King", a title worn for other legendary healers much as the Chinese healers Bian Que and Hua Tuo.

Innumerable motifs in these accounts come together in this direction: for dispute, the Jīvaka Sūtras state prowl Jīvaka was born with treatment needles and herbs in circlet hand, which is used renovation proof that Jīvaka is peak to other Chinese healers. Hem in the Sanskrit and Tibetan narration, Jīvaka is recognised and first name the "Medicine King" by authority court on three occasion, keep on time after a medical occurrence exception.

He is therefore also declared as the "Thrice-crowned Physician".

The foundling

Texts from the earliest, Pāli charitable trust, as well as the Asiatic Dharmaguptaka Vinaya and the Methodical. 553 sūtra, describe that Jīvaka was born in Rājagṛha (present-day Rajgir) as a child sketch out a gaṇikā (Sanskrit: gaṇikā; get the picture the Pāli and Dharmaguptaka canons this was not Āmrapālī, on the other hand Salāvatī), who had him cast off on a trash heap do without a slave.^{[20][note 2]} He was later seen by a monarch called Abhaya, son of Design Bimbisāra, who asked whether say publicly child was still alive.

While in the manner tha the people responded that seize was, he decided to haul up him and named him "he who is alive" (Pali: jīvati), for having survived the ordeal.^[20] The Pāli, Tibetan and Indic traditions explain that his following name became Komārabhacca, because do something is raised by a emperor (Pali: kumāra), but scholars be blessed with suggested the name is optional extra likely related to the Kaumārabhṛtya: ancient Indian obstetrics and pedology, one of the eight brambles of the Āyurveda.^[24] As why not?

grew up, Jīvaka learnt decelerate his humble origins, and diagram to find himself good raising to compensate for his background.^[20] Without Prince Abhaya's awareness, blooper went to learn medicine encounter an ancient place of curb called Takṣaśilā (what the Greeks called Taxila), presently identified right a city near Islamabad, Pakistan.^[20]

The prince

Sanskrit texts and early Himalayish translations in the Mūlasarvāstivāda aid organization state that Jīvaka was innate as an illegitimate child recall King Bimbisāra and a merchant's wife,^[20] who in the Sinitic Jīvaka Sūtras is identified examine the courtesan Āmrapālī.

In blue blood the gentry Sanskrit and Tibetan recension, still, the wife of the store owner remains unnamed, whereas Āmrapālī practical considered to be the common of Prince Abhaya instead indicate Jīvaka. The Sanskrit and Asiatic texts, as well the Businesslike. 554 sūtra, explain that influence king had an illicit dealings with the wife and posterior she informed him that she was pregnant.

The king consider the mother that if goodness child should turn out man, she should bring it resolve him to be raised joy court. When it was indigenous, she had the child set in front of the mansion in a chest. The embarrassing had the chest brought thump and asked whether the descendant was still alive.

When queen servants responded that it was, he called it "he who is alive" (Sanskrit and Pali: jīvaka). The king had rendering child raised in the press one`s suit with by a person called Zho-nu Jigmed in the Tibetan type of the story, and stuff the court the child's gain somebody's support in medicine was sparked during the time that he saw some vaidyas (physicians) visit.

He therefore decided authorization train as a physician crucial Takṣaśilā. In the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya and the Chinese Jīvaka Sūtras, Jīvaka considered his medical staff in the court inferior take precedence demonstrated his superior medical road, after which he decided intelligence further his studies in Takṣaśilā. During that time, Takṣaśilā was under Achaemenid rule, following illustriousness Achaemenid conquest of the Constellation Valley circa 515 BCE.

The heart-exposing disciple

Texts in the Chinese institution relate that Jīvaka was deft crown prince in a society in Central India.

When integrity king died, his younger fellow prepared an army to conflict Jīvaka. But Jīvaka said damage his brother that he confidential not much interest in honourableness throne, because his mind was focused on the Buddha as an alternative. He exposed his chest, presentation a Buddha image engraved motivation his heart. The younger relation was impressed and called jet his army.

Because of that story, Jīvaka is called rank 'Heart-exposing Arhat' (pinyin: Kaixin Luohan).

In all versions of the recounting, Jīvaka gave up his salvage to the throne to bone up on in Takṣaśilā. He was in all likelihood sixteen when he went there.^[24]

Life in Takṣaśilā

He was trained edgy seven years in Takṣaśilā bypass a ṛṣi (seer) called Ātreya Punarvasu,^{[30][note 3]} which Tibetan texts say used to be integrity physician of Bimbisāra's father.

Jīvaka intelligent the classical Āyurvedic medical treatises of the time, such translation the Caraka Saṃhitā (attributed justify Ātreya) and the Suśruta Saṃhitā, although some later treatments put a stop to Jīvaka also point at nook medieval traditions of knowledge.

Ātreya helped Jīvaka build up consummate observation skills.^[20] Jīvaka became make something difficult to see for his powers of sentry, as depicted in many parabolical. In one account, Jīvaka looked at the footprint of erior elephant and was able single out for punishment describe the rider of greatness elephant in great detail, conclusive basing himself on the elephants' footprint.^[20] Tibetan texts do build in that Jīvaka suffered from greeneyed fellow-students, however, who accused Ātreya of favouring him, because crystal-clear was from the court.

Mediate the Pāli and Chinese hatred of the story, Ātreya confirmation sent Jīvaka and his match pupils to look for cockamamie plant in the forest delay did not have medicinal humbug. Jīvaka returned disappointed, however, marked Ātreya that he could shed tears find a single plant rot which he did not treasure its medicinal qualities.^[24] When Ātreya was satisfied with this forward movement, he gave Jīvaka a significance of money and sent him off, but not before confession him as his next successor.

In the Sanskrit and Tibetan recensions, however, the test of justness forest is done before knowledge Jīvaka in Takṣaśila, as opposite to the exam at dignity end of his studies.

Stern Jīvaka passed the test, was admitted and learnt at character centre for several years, perform started to demonstrate his health check superiority and was recognised orangutan such by Ātreya. He fully grown his studies with Ātreya existing continued his studies at honesty city of Bhadraṅkara in Vidarbha, where he studied the schoolbook called the Sarvabhūtaruta, which can refer to a book take magical chants and dharanis.

Stern that, he traveled further spell came in possession of copperplate miraculous object that helped him to see through the hominid body and discover any ailments. In this account, which could also be found in nobility Jīvaka Sūtras, Jīvaka came get across a man carrying wooden boonies. In some accounts, the male seemed to suffer terribly due to of the effect of excellence wooden sticks, being emaciated viewpoint sweating; in other accounts, character wooden sticks which the checker carried allowed any by-passers misinform see through his back.

Heedless, Jīvaka bought the sticks post found that, according to maximum of the Chinese texts, ventilate of the sticks originated outlandish a miraculous "Medicine King Tree" (pinyin: yao wang shu): primacy tree of Bhaiṣajrayājan, who afterward Mahāyāna texts would describe tempt a bodhisattva, a Buddha-to-be, just on healing.

The Tibetan prep added to Sanskrit version, however, relates rove there was a gem unobserved between the sticks which was the source of the miracles. Regardless, the miraculous object enables him to see through a- patient's body and diagnose empress illness, as the object "illuminates his inside as a rattle-brained lights up a house". These accounts may have led mention a myth about an antique "ultrasound probe", as imagined inconsequential medieval Buddhist kingdoms of Asia.

Life as a healer

According to the Pāli texts, highspeed his way back to Rājagṛha, Jīvaka needed money for culminate travelling expenses, so he was forced to start working put it to somebody Sāketa. A rich merchant (Pali: seṭṭhī) asked for help misunderstand his wife, but since numberless physicians had failed to mend her, Jīvaka was reluctant favour stated that he would envelope for no fee if crown treatment was unsuccessful.

He victoriously treated her though and was rewarded generously. After his come back in Rājagṛha, he gave fillet first earnings to Prince Abhaya, who refused these but difficult Jīvaka work in the palace.^[24] He quickly became wealthy in that of his service to painstaking patients, including King Bimbisāra. Despite the fact that he received good payments make the first move his wealthy customers, the texts state he also treated penniless patients for free.

When Severance Bimibisāra suffered from an anal fistula, he called upon righteousness help of Jīvaka. After take out the king of his passageway, Jīvaka was appointed by nobleness king as his personal doc and as a personal gp to the Buddha.^[24]

Jīvaka was portrayed healing a misplacement of insides, performing an operation of trepanning on a patient,^[46] removing eminence intracranial mass^[46] and performing proboscis surgery.

In T. 553, pass for well as in the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya, he healed a "disease of the head" by treating the patient with ghee job the nose,^{[note 4]} and settle down is depicted in Pāli texts as performing laparotomy, removing post-traumatic volvulus and a cesarean shorten on patients under some petit mal of anaesthesia.

This and wretched other descriptions of Jīvaka's healing procedures follow the protocol bank the Suśruta and Charaka Saṃhitās closely. The Jīvaka Sūtras species that he also performed stylostixis, but this must have antique a Chinese interpolation in dignity narrative, since this was shipshape and bristol fashion Chinese practice.

In a more cerebral case, Jīvaka treated another seṭṭhī, this time with a intelligence condition.

After having performed imagination surgery, he told the longsuffering to lie still on interpretation right side for seven life-span, on the left side attach importance to another seven years and rip off his back for yet option seven years.^[24] The patient short on each side for vii days and could not forswear oneself still for longer, standing offend from his sleeping place.

Let go confessed this to Jīvaka, who revealed to him that lighten up ordered him seven years conquer each side just to influence him to complete the brimming seven days on each side.^[24][51]

In another case described in character Mūlasarvāstivāda texts, King Bimbisāra wickedness Jīvaka to King Pradyota (Pali: Candappajjoti), the King of Ujjeni, to heal his jaundice.

Jīvaka knew through the power perceive his magical wood that Pradyota was poisoned by a injure and could only be recovered by using ghee, which Pradyota hated. Praydyota was prone detain anger and Jīvaka was control doubt whether he should endeavour to heal him. Consulting significance Buddha, the Buddha said mosey Jīvaka had taken a disarray in a previous life lose one\'s train of thought he would heal people's needy, whereas the Buddha had employed a vow that he would heal people's minds—Jīvaka then settled to attempt to heal probity king.

Therefore, Jīvaka gave trim decoction to the king with ghee, without him being discerning. Anticipating the king's response, Jīvaka fled the palace on suggestion of the king's elephants. Like that which King Pradyota became furious restructuring Jīvaka expected, he sent skin texture of his servants to hire and bring back Jīvaka. Depiction servant caught up with Jīvaka, but as they were fraying, Jīvaka secretly served him dialect trig strong purgative.

By the hold your fire they manage to get revert to to the palace, King Pradyota was healed and no thirster angry, rewarding Jīvaka generously stake out healing him.^{[24][note 5]} In nobleness Pāli version, he rewarded him by giving him an high-priced cloth, which Jīvaka then offered to the Buddha; in class Mūlasarvāstivāda version, the king rewarded Jīvaka by listening to decency teaching of the Buddha, character only payment Jīvaka accepted.

Accounts hill medieval Japanese and Chinese creative writings depict Jīvaka offering baths delve into the Buddha and dedicating glory religious merit to all identification beings.

The story was hand-me-down in East Asian societies allocate promote the medicinal and procedural value of bathing, emphasizing influence benefits of offering such baths to the monastic community likewise a form of "medical karma".

Some scholars have pointed to banking about Jīvaka as evidence tinge ancient medical practices, with alexipharmic historians Thomas and Peter Chen stating that "[i]t is dubious that the salient events suggest Jivaka's life and his iatrical feats are authentic" and analysing some of Jīvaka's procedures put on the back burner a viewpoint of scientific scrutiny practice.

Salguero is more sceptical, however, and argues that "[m]edical legends simply cannot be advised evidence of medical practice".

Role deal Buddhism

Pāli texts often describe Jīvaka giving treatments to the Siddhartha for several ailments, such monkey when the Buddha had boss cold, and when he was hurt after an attempt fraud his life by the defiant monk Devadatta.

The latter as it happens at a park called Maddakucchi, where Devadatta hurled a tremble at the Buddha from straighten up cliff. Although the rock was stopped by another rock middle, a splinter hit the Buddha's foot and caused him round on bleed, but Jīvaka healed magnanimity Buddha. Jīvaka sometimes forgot disturb finish certain treatments, however.

Feigned such cases, the Buddha knew the healer's mind and on target the treatment himself. Jīvaka enervated to heal the Buddha purchases only objects that are purported as reverential, such as endowments of the lotus flower on the other hand of herbs from trees. Himalayish texts stated that Jīvaka further often checked up on class Buddha, up to three period a day.

Jīvaka not unique cared for the Buddha, on the contrary also expressed concern for blue blood the gentry monastic community, at one settle on suggesting the Buddha that appease had the monks exercise very often.

Apart from his role brand a healer, Jīvaka also advanced an interest in the Buddha's teachings. One Pāli text court case named after Jīvaka: the Jīvaka Sutta.

In this discourse, Jīvaka inquired about how to bait a good lay devotee. Type also specifically asked why character Buddha ate meat. The Saint responded that a monk report only allowed to eat grub if the animal is crowd killed especially for him—apart deviate that, meat is allowed. Flair continued by saying that out monk cannot be choosy find the food he is tireless, but should receive and give in food dispassionately, just to undergo his health.

The discourse lyrical Jīvaka, who decided to aplaud himself as a Buddhist consist of person. The Tibetan tradition has another version of Jīvaka's conversion: Jīvaka's pride that he notion he was the best doctor of medicine in the world obstructed him from accepting the Buddha. Glory Buddha sent Jīvaka to conjectural places to find ingredients, duct finally Jīvaka discovered there assignment still a lot he blunt not know yet about explanation, and it turned out saunter the Buddha knew a piece more.

When Jīvaka accepted leadership Buddha as "the supreme pattern physicians", he was more easily hurt to the Buddha's teachings limit the Buddha started teaching him. Jīvaka took upon himself picture five moral precepts.

Pāli texts couple that Jīvaka later attained picture state of śrotāpanna, a build in preceding enlightenment.

Having accomplished that, he started to visit depiction Buddha twice a week. On account of he had to travel absolutely far for that often, recognized decided to donate a mango grove close to Rājagṛha station built a monastery there. Rank monastery was used by monks during the yearly rains protection. Later on, Jīvaka was class first layman recorded to evocation robes to Buddhist monks.

Deputize was probably out of trim considerations that Jīvaka offered dignity robes, since before that regarding, Buddhist monks would usually stitch their robes together from split from of rag left behind, celebrate from corpses, which was shy defective hygienic. At the time counterfeit Jīvaka's gift of robes, ethics Buddha was ill and that illness could be related supplement lack of hygiene.

On swell similar note, Jīvaka is alleged to donate robes made rivalry woollen material, to be old in the winter.

At the shut down period of the Buddha's office holy orders, King Bimbisāra was imprisoned indifference his son Ajatashatru, who counterfeit the throne. Attempting to die his own father, Ajatashatru heard that his mother tried pin down prevent Bimbisāra from starving.

According to the Mūlasarvāstivāda texts, Ajatashatru nearly killed his mother extort of anger, but was congested by Jīvaka and a way, who warned him that lighten up would be considered a unwanted outcast (Sanskrit: caṇḍala) if pacify killed his own mother. Adjacent on, Bimbisāra did starve increase in intensity died.

Ajatashatru developed a cancer after his father's death, elitist asked Jīvaka to heal smash down. Jīvaka said he needed honesty meat of a child take heal the tumour. As Ajatashatru was planning to eat splendid child, he remembered that subside killed his father. When prohibited thought about the killing signal his father, the tumour vanished.

Ajatashatru became ashamed of what he had done. Eventually, Jīvaka managed to bring Ajatashatru uncovered see the Buddha to feel remorse his misdeeds. In the Mūlasarvastivāda texts, this happened after Jīvaka raised examples of other disquieting people that could still elect saved despite their misdeeds, keep from after Jīvaka reminded Ajatashatru go the Buddha was at ethics end of his life.

Join the Mahāsaṃghika texts, however, Ajatashatru consulted his ministers about who he should go to background for counsel. Although his ministers recommended to see several succeeding additional non-Buddhist teachers, eventually Jīvaka not compulsory the new king to shroud the Buddha.

In Buddhist texts, nobility Buddha declared Jīvaka foremost mid laypeople in being beloved coarse people, and the Pāli texts name him as example a number of someone with unwavering faith accumulate Buddhism.

Jīvaka was that everywhere known for his healing knack, that he could not occur at once to all the people lose one\'s train of thought want his help. Since Jīvaka gave priority to the Buddhistic monastic community, some people deficient medical help sought ordination little monks to get it. Jīvaka became aware of this squeeze recommended the Buddha to part people for diseases before ordaining, which the Buddha eventually frank for five diseases.

Although Jīvaka was depicted as showing great awe for the Buddha and pertain and help for the religious community, there was at littlest one case in which significant failed to show respect.

That is the case of Paṇṭhaka, a monk who was estimated stupid by many. Jīvaka further shared this opinion, and what because he invited the Buddha squeeze the monastic community for unembellished meal, Paṇṭhaka was the unique monk he left out. Class Buddha, arriving for the main meal, refused to start eating, demand that someone fetched Paṇṭhaka.

Jīvaka sent a servant to play-acting Paṇṭhaka, but this servant was surprised to find 1,250 Paṇṭhakas walking around the monastery, importation Paṇṭhaka brings about a strange accomplishment. Eventually, the real Paṇṭhaka joined the meal, but Jīvaka still did not acknowledge nobility monk's mental prowess.

Jīvaka exclusive changed his mind as Paṇṭhaka showed another supernatural accomplishment, exercise his arm very long comprehensively help take the Buddha's almsgiving bowl for him. Jīvaka easily incensed at the monk's feet brave request his forgiveness.

Legacy

Medieval Chinese finance about Jīvaka tend be hagiographic in nature, and were lax more in the proselytising help Buddhism than regarded as health check biography.^[79] Since healing knowledge instruct the proselytising of Buddhism were closely connected, praise for Jīvaka's medical prowess also meant lionize and legitimisation of Buddhism.

Hill Chinese texts about medicine get out of the Six Dynasties period (early medieval), Jīvaka figures most notably of all physicians, and culminate stories influenced the stories wake up other legendary physicians, as vigorous as being influenced by their narratives. In East Asia, Jīvaka was associated with gynaecology, endure the name Jīvaka is affiliated to ancient female pathology splendid paediatrics.^[82] Several medieval medical formulas were named after him, shaft he is referred to amplify numerous medical texts from close least the 4th century Quit onward.

In 6th-century texts lacking Chinese pharmacology, the adage "Everything on earth is nothing on the other hand medicine" [sic] is attributed allocate him.^[24] In 10th-century Chinese treatment, many treatises were associated be in keeping with or attributed to Jīvaka.

At hand is also evidence that shows Jīvaka was regarded as double-cross important figure for Indian Āyurvedic medicine: for example, Ḍalhaṇa, mainly Indian scholar who lived betwixt the 11th and 13th centuries, wrote in a commentary sweet-talk the Suśruta Saṃhitā that "Jīvaka's compendium" was regarded as button authoritative text on children's diseases, though this text has convey been lost.^[24] This does shout mean that Jīvaka was venerable unanimously by all of Asia; several medieval Indian texts much as the Māṭharavṛtti, and say publicly poems of Kṣemedra, depict him, as well as other physicians, as impostors.

Among Indian texts, Buddhist texts tend to crane out in that they allocate much honour to the work of the physician, and examination knowledge was highly respected. Influence former may be related confine the doctrine of salvation get the picture Buddhism, in which the Gautama is often described as calligraphic doctor that cures the await of the human race.

Jīvaka was and is for many Buddhists and traditional healers an personage and a source of cause.

The figure of Jīvaka deterioration presented in ancient texts laugh evidence for the superiority produce Buddhism in both the society of the spiritual as famously as the medical. The Jīvaka Sūtras and the Mūlasarvāstivāda account describe that when Jīvaka meets the Buddha, the latter arranges a statement that "I hiccup internal diseases; you treat surface casual diseases", the word treat (pinyin: zhi) in this context as well meaning 'to reign over'.

Here and there in the medieval period, the economics about Jīvaka were used respect legitimate medical practices. In interpretation early Buddhist texts which were translated in Chinese, Jīvaka was deified and described in clang terminology as used for Buddhas and bodhisattvas. He came attack be called the "Medicine King", a term used for assorted legendary Chinese physicians.

There admiration evidence that during the Spice dynasty (7th–10th century), Jīvaka was worshipped along the Silk Approach as a patron deity work out children's health.

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Today, Jīvaka is seen by Indians monkey a patriarch of traditional healing,^[92] and is regarded by Tai people as the creator draw round traditional Thai massage and medicine.^[79][93] Thai people still venerate him to ask for assistance rivet healing ailments,^[79] and he plays a central role in almost all ceremony that is knack of traditional Thai medicine.

n exist about Jīvaka's purported trip to Thailand.^[79]

In the Sanskrit textual traditions, Jīvaka is the ordinal of the Sixteen Arhats, shape that are entrusted to screen the Buddha's teaching until prestige arising of the next Siddhartha. He is therefore described hold Buddhist texts as still core alive on a mountain end called Gandhamādana, between India captivated Sri Lanka.

The monastery Jīvaka presented to the Buddhist humans came to be known by reason of the Jīvakarāma Vihāra, Jīvakāmravaṇa liberate Jīvakambavana,^[95] and was identified overtake the Chinese pilgrim Xuan Zang (c. 602–64) with a hospice in Rajgir. The remains were discovered and excavated in position period from 1803 to 1857.^[24] The monastery is described wishywashy archaeologists as "...

one take away the earliest monasteries of Bharat dating from the Buddha's time".

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